Abstract Covid-19 has sparked calls for a universal basic income as way of coping with demand shock caused by the pandemic. Temporary payments have been part emergency response to This paper questions effectiveness temporary raise demand. Some observers claim that vouchers are better targeted at sectors hit hard people may tendency save than spend from payments. There be stronger case permanent...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify risk factors influencing permanent stomas after low anterior resection with temporary stomas for rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2528 consecutive rectal cancer patients who had undergone low anterior resection were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors for permanent stomas were evaluated among these patients. RESULTS Among 2528 ...

OBJECTIVES This research was conducted with an aim of determining the correlation between job insecurity and an employee's work-related health problems among permanent and temporary workers. METHODS Using the data from the First Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2006, a total of 7,071 workers, excluding employers and the self-employed, were analyzed. Work-related health problems w...

I use linked employer-employee data from the German Federal Statistical Office to estimate within-firm wage differentials between temporary workers with fixed-term contracts and workers with permanent contracts in the context of dual internal labor markets. Wage-tenure profiles of permanent workers are estimated separately for each firm to obtain a proxy for the prevalence of internal labor mar...

BACKGROUND Implementing REDD+ renders the development of a measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system necessary to monitor carbon stock changes. MRV systems generally apply a combination of remote sensing techniques and in-situ field assessments. In-situ assessments can be based on 1) permanent plots, which are assessed on all successive occasions, 2) temporary plots, which are assess...

Temporary and permanent facial nerve dysfunctions can be observed after parotidectomy for benign and malignant lesions. Intraoperative nerve monitoring is a recognised tool for the preservation of the nerve, while the efficacy of the operative microscope has been rarely stated. The authors report their experience on 198 consecutive parotidectomies performed on 196 patients with the aid of the o...

By using the household data on food consumption, income and other social indicators including activity status, age, literacy, place of residence employment, and marital status, this paper aims to investigate the transitory impact of temporary and permanent income shocks on food consumption in Iran over the period 2009-2014. To study the deterministic effects of the household on food consumption...

1. Implantable pulse generators with endocardial or myocardial electrodes for long-term or permanent use. 2. External, miniaturized, transistorized, patientportable, battery-powered, pulse generators with exteriorized electrodes for temporary transvenous endocardial or transthoracic myocardial pacing. 3. Console batteryor AC-powered cardiovertors, defibrillators, or monitors with high-current e...

Economic theories show that the direction and magnitude of the fluctuations of economic variables depend on the type and magnitude of the shocks they are faced with. Various reasons are noted for fluctuations in demands for imports, including productivity shocks. Accordingly, this research was aimed at identifying the effects of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) shocks of the agricultural sector ...