water conveyance systems (wcss) are costly infrastructures in terms of materials, construction, maintenance and energy requirements. much attention has been given to the application of optimization methods to minimize the costs associated with such infrastructures. historically, traditional optimization techniques have been used, such as linear and non-linear programming. in this paper, applica...

A fluctuation-free mercury arc lamp for the pumping of a cw alexandrite laser is reported. Thermal insulation of a cathode of the lamp permits 4-kW fully vaporized direct-current operation. Fluctuations owing to the pool of liquid mercury in conventional lamp tubes is completely avoided. A 17-W, cw alexandrite laser pumped by the newly developed lamp is described.

A cassette molecule, featuring direct integration of two donor BODIPY units to one acceptor BODIPY unit, was conveniently developed as the first highly "through-bond energy transfer" (TBET) laser dye. This multicolor absorbing dye exhibited highly efficient and photostable laser action under drastic pumping conditions.

In this issue of Blood, Diomede and colleagues establish a novel Caenorhabditis elegans model of primary amyloid cardiotoxicity. Using pharyngeal pumping as a surrogate for cardiac function, they find that human amyloidogenic light-chain proteins directly impair pharyngeal activity. Direct toxicity was associated with the release of reactive oxygen species, and pharyngeal activity was restored ...

Two of the most promising classes of schemes for X-ray laser action are the recombination approach, in which population inversions are produced by the decay cascade following electron recombination into high-lying quantum states of a recombining ion, and the photo-pumping approach, in which population inversions are produced by direct pumping of the upper quantum state by photo-excitation from ...

The chemical potential of oxygen ions at the novel oxygen pumping anode for electrowinning aluminum was manipulated by the electromotive forces to create thermodynamic stability. It is our anticipation that this newly designed anode can be applied to electrochemical metallurgy of other metals, such as the direct electrochemical reduction of TiO2 in the FFC process.

Cardiac pumping ability was assessed during the natural development of left ventricular hypertrophy by elevating venous pressure by infusing Tyrode's solution intravenously to produce peak cardiac output. This experiment was performed on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of three age groups (11, 24, and 83 weeks). From 11 to 24 weeks, peak cardiac output of SHR increased in direct proportio...

This study presents a fuzzy logic direct torque control for induction motor to be used in photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system. The system is intended less expensive and simple while maximizing PV array power utilization. For this purpose, smart technology based on controller (FLC) has been implemented track the maximum which successfully solar systems under different irradiance levels. Next,...