نتایج جستجو برای: direct and indirect costs
تعداد نتایج: 16889245 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
background: dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux diseases (gerd) are very widespread in the community throughout the world. the aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect cost of gerd and dyspepsia in the general population. methods: from may 2005 to december 2006, a cross-sectional study conducted in tehran province; including 18,180 individuals with gi symptoms drawn up ran...
Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne diseases that lead to adverse economic consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the economic burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of this disease in Golestan province in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients referred to health center...
this study examined the effects of collaborative strategic reading and direct instruction in persuasion on iranian high school students persuasive writing and attitudes. students in three intact classes were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: collaborative strategic reading and direct instruction in persuasion or direct instruction in persuasion or a control group. treatment effects...
OBJECTIVE To analyse the association of direct and indirect costs in patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) with somatic symptom severity (SSS). METHODS A cross-sectional cost analysis for retrospective 6 months was conducted in 294 primary care patients with MUS. Health care utilisation and loss of productivity were measured by questionnaires. SSS was measured using the "Patient ...
This paper gives an up-to-date estimate of the costs of road accidents in Iran. Conventional methods of estimating costs are considered together with special factors which apply to Iran. An attempt is made to quantify direct and indirect costs of accidents, including considerations relating to the exercise of Shar'ia law. The overall results show that road accidents account for between 1.4 and ...
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