OBJECTIVE The goal was to examine the association between urinary concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphates and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 8 to 15 years of age. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2000-2004) were available for 1139 children, who were representative of the general US ...

New oral drugs have considerably enriched the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review focuses on the molecular pharmacodynamics of fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate (BG-12), laquinimod, and teriflunomide. We specifically comment on the action of these drugs at three levels: 1) the regulation of the immune system; 2) the permeability of the blood-brain barrier;...

The penultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2) involves the condensation of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate with 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione, which is catalyzed by 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase (lumazine synthase). Pathogenic Brucella species adapted to an intracellular lifestyle have two genes involved in riboflavin synthesis, ribH1 and...

Recently, application of ionic liquids due to their special solvency properties as a promising method of pretreatment for lignocellulosic biomass has received much attention. Chemical stability, temperature stability, non-flammability, low vapor pressure, wide liquidus range, and non-toxicity are among those unique properties. These solvents are also known as green solvents due to non-toxicity ...

Male F344 rats which had been implanted with a heterotopic bladder were randomly divided into four groups and their heterotopic bladders were instilled once a week for 30 weeks with 0.5 ml phosphate-buffered saline-dimethyl sulfoxide solution (4:1), or this solution containing 2 mumol N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 1 mumol N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF), or 1 mumol N-hydroxy-N-glucuronosyl...

The thermochemistry and kinetics of organophosphorus compounds were studied, with BAC-MP4 method estimations as a basis and PM3 semi-empirical estimations for many new compounds. New group additivity values were proposed for enthalpies of formation at 298 K, and entropies and heat capacities of species involving pentavalent phosphorus bonded to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen, and ...

The crystal structure of di-chlorido-(4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetra-aza-bicyclo-[5.5.2]tetra-deca-ne)chromium(III) hexa-fluorido-phosphate, [CrCl2(C12H26N4)]PF6, (I), has monoclinic symmetry (space group P21/n) at 150 K. The structure of the related di-chlorido-(4,11-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-bicyclo-[6.6.2]hexa-deca-ne)chromium(III) hexa-fluorido-phosphate, [CrCl2(C14H30N4)]PF6, (II), also di...

INTRODUCTION Small scale and large scale farmers around Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia grow vegetables using intensive agriculture methods to satisfy the ever increasing demand. To ensure maximum yield they apply various types of pesticides to control pests and diseases that attack these vegetables. Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture for the control of various insect ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides with serum cytokine patterns and asthma-related outcomes among rural women workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among rural women (n = 211), including those working and living on farms and nearby town dwellers. Pesticide exposure was assessed using u...