BACKGROUND Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was a common first line drug therapy to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but increasing therapeutic failures associated with the development of significant levels of resistance worldwide has prompted change to alternative treatment regimes in many national malaria control programs. METHODOLOGY AND FINDING: We conducted an in vivo therapeutic efficacy ...

This novel study investigated the loading of mupirocin nanoparticles into a hydrogel which was expected to enhance antibacterial activity mupirocin. The inhibition isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and global gene expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by nanoparticle-loaded (MLH) pure compared. MLH rapidly inhibited growth bacterial populations after 1 h treatment. At 12 h, M...

Sulfa drugs are potent and important anti-pneumocystis agents, but have a high incidence of adverse effects in AIDS patients. Although 15,000 sulfa drugs have been synthesized and dozens have been used in people, relatively few have been tested against P. carinii. In order to determine whether there are sulfa drugs which are better antipneumocystis agents than sulfamethoxazole and dapsone, we h...

With the spread of chloroquine (CQ)-resistant malaria in India, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) alone or in combination with artesunate is used as an alternative antimalarial drug. Due to continuous drug pressure, the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is exhibiting resistance to antifolates because of mutations in candidate genes dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps)....

The regulation of expression of the gamma-S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) synthetase gene was investigated in T-cells during G0/G1 transition, as well as throughout the G1 phase. Stimulation of G0 T-lymphocytes with concanavalin A induces AdoMet synthetase gene expression, starting 8 h after stimulation. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulates the induction of this gene expression and AdoMet synthetas...

To determine if mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis arose in a single strain that was subsequently widely disseminated, we examined four genomic regions of 22 P. carinii clinical isolates selected based on the absence or presence of mutations in the DHPS gene. By single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing, we found varying...

The dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene from Pneumocystis carinii isolated from non-human primates was amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced to analyse point mutations associated with sulfa resistance. P. carinii DHPS gene amplification was obtained from eight lung samples from five New World primate species and one Old World primate species. None of the animals had b...

Evidence was found for the existence of an episome-specified variant of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase involved in folic acid formation. Since the plasmid-borne enzyme showed a decreased susceptibility for sulfonamide inhibition and was transferable together with resistance to this drug, it is proposed that diploidy for the target enzyme in some cases could be the mechanism of R-factor-med...