Waddell, et al., suggested that people with signs in three or more categories should be evaluated for possible psychological disorders. Subsequently, WS have been taken out of context and suggested to be evidence of malingering. While some people who are malingering might display signs in three or more WS categories, it is noteworthy that malingering was not the original red flag to consider. M...

The many internal and external factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED) create a difficult milieu for its study and complicate its clinical diagnosis and treatment. The controlled adverse environment (CAE®) model has been developed to minimize the variability that arises from exogenous factors and to exacerbate the signs and symptoms of DED by stressing the ocular...

Lactation anaphylaxis (LA) is an extremely rare condition with only five other cases having been previously reported in the literature. Patients will exhibit cutaneous symptoms, respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and/or cardiovascular symptoms. Post-partum, the drop in hormones is thought to facilitate an exaggerated histamine response. An elevated serum tryptase level performed b...

This article presents a new interview-based research instrument for assessing schizotypal symptoms and signs. The Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS), which was developed from experience gained in a large, controlled family study of schizophrenia in the west of Ireland and has been field-tested in three other locations, differs from previously available interviews in that it includes: (1)...

The identification and appropriate management of those at highest risk for life-threatening anaphylaxis remains a clinical enigma. The most widely used criteria for such patients were developed in a symposium convened by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network. In this paper we review the current literature on the diagnosis of acute allergic rea...

BACKGROUND Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms are common in asthma and have been extensively studied, but less so in the Asian continent. Reflux-associated respiratory symptoms (RARS) have, in contrast, been little-studied globally. We report the prevalence of GORD symptoms and RARS in adult asthmatics, and their association with asthma severity and medication use. METHODS A cr...

INTRODUCTION The influence of occlusal condition at the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been strongly debated for many years and still is the source of controversy. Up to the eighties in the last century, the occlusal factors such as the presence of uncured malocclusions, discrepancies between intercuspal position and retruded contact position greater than two millimeters, retrus...

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a combination of multifactoral etiological muscular-skeletal symptoms. Prevalence is greater in women, where sexual hormones are important in pathogenesis, and its behavior at different stages of the reproductive life of women has never been fully documented. The general objective was to determine the association between signs and symptoms of temporomandibu...

background & objectives: streptozotocin (stz) is used for induction of type-1 diabetes mellitus in animal models. its beta-cytotoxic action results in sudden release of insulin leading to severe hypoglycaemia and even mortality. however, its sensitivity varies with species. present investigation was aimed at studying stz induced acute clinical effects in rabbits. methods: streptozotocin@ 65...

conclusions this infection was observed with a diversity of clinical manifestations. therefore, diagnostic difficulty because of the various clinical presentations and the way to find undiagnosed complications should be investigated in the differential diagnosis of other diseases. results most of the patients (73.8%) were in the acute stages of brucellosis, 22.6% had sub-acute brucellosis and 3...