We have developed the dataflow interchange format (DIF) [2] and the associated DIF package for specifying and working with dataflow models for DSP systems. Our recent progress in the DIF project includes the DIF-based porting approach [2] for porting DSP designs across dataflowbased tools and the DIF-to-C software synthesis framework [3] for automatically generating C implementations from DSP s...

the university of tehran english proficiency test (utept) is a high-stakes entrance examination taken by more than 10,000 master’s degree holders annually. the examinees’ scores have a significant influence on the final decisions concerning admission to the university of tehran ph.d. programs. as a test validation investigation, the present study, which is a bias detection research in nature, u...

Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) is a morphogen that induces differentiation of DICTYOSTELIUM: Recently, DIF-1 has been shown to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in tumor cells, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of DIF-1 on the proliferation and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, to explore novel ther...

Active gibberellin (GA(1)) is an important mediator of thermoperiodic growth in pea. Plants grown under lower day than night temperature (negative DIF) elongate less and have reduced levels of GA(1) compared with plants grown at higher day than night temperature (positive DIF). By comparing the wild type (WT) and the elongated DELLA mutant la cry(s), this study has examined the effect of impair...

The presence of differential item functioning (DIF) in a test suggests bias that could disadvantage members of a certain group. Previous work with tests of visual learning abilities found significant DIF related to age groups in a car test (Lee, Cho, McGugin, Van Gulick, & Gauthier, 2015), but not in a face test (Cho et al., 2015). The presence of age DIF is a threat to the validity of the test...

In E. coli, 10 to 15% of growing bacteria produce dimeric chromosomes during DNA replication. These dimers are resolved by XerC and XerD, two tyrosine recombinases that target the 28-nucleotide motif (dif) associated with the chromosome's replication terminus. In streptococci and lactococci, an alternative system is composed of a unique, Xer-like recombinase (XerS) genetically linked to a dif-l...

A method for analyzing test item responses is proposed to examine differential item functioning (DIF) in multiple-choice items through a combination of the usual notion of DIF, for correct/incorrect responses and information about DIF contained in each of the alternatives. The proposed method uses incomplete latent class models to examine whether DIF is caused by the attractiveness of the alter...

Differentiation-inducing factor 1 [DIF-1; 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-hexan-1-one] induces stalk cell differentiation during Dictyostelium development. It is present as a gradient in the multicellular slug, its lowest concentration being in the anterior. Here we demonstrate the existence of a localized sink for DIF-1, also in the anterior of the slug, which could be responsib...

described a three-step approach used by researchers and practitioners attempting to identify biased test items: First, statistical methods are used to find items for which there are unexpected differences in performance between two groups (e.g., men and women). Second, each potentially biased item is examined for the reasons it is relatively more difficult for a particular group of examinees. T...

Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer and water inputs has been widely used in greenhouse vegetable production China. However, farmers usually do not apply additional organic material a high carbon content, although soil (SOC) concentrations are mostly below the optimum level for production. Returning straw or biochar to fields is an effective strategy sustainability environmental friendline...