OBJECTIVE A low-glycemic index diet is effective as a treatment for individuals with diabetes and has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes when used from the first trimester. A low-glycemic index diet is commonly advised as treatment for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the efficacy of this advice and associated pregnancy outcomes have not been systematically examine...

Life-history characteristics of age-0 sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida, shoal chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma and sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki were compared using several methods. All Macrhybopsis species consumed mostly midge pupae, but M. meeki had the most general diet (Levins' index, B = 0.22) compared with M. hyostoma (B = 0.02) and M. gelida (B = 0.09). Morisita's diet overlap index amon...

The overlap hypercube fermion is constructed by inserting a lattice fermion with hypercubic couplings into the overlap formula. One obtains an exact Ginsparg-Wilson fermion, which is more complicated than the standard overlap fermion, but which has improved practical properties and is of current interest for use in numerical simulations. Here we deal with conceptual aspects of the overlap hyper...

INTRODUCTION It is still controversial whether there are synergistic effects among different non-pharmacological interventions used in the treatment of hypertension. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise, oral supplementation of potassium and their combination on blood pressure, glucose metabolism, urinary albumin excretion and glomerular morphology in spontaneously hypertensi...

In the first part of this paper we define the n-overlap vector whose coordinates consist of the fraction of the objects (e.g. books, N-grams,...) that belong to 1, 2,..., n sets (more generally: families) (e.g. libraries, databases,...). With the aid of the Lorenz concentration theory we build a theory of n-overlap similarity and corresponding measures, such as the generalized Jaccard index (ge...

The application of stable isotopes to characterize the complexities of a species foraging behavior and trophic relationships is dependent on assumptions of δ(15)N diet-tissue discrimination factors (∆(15)N). As ∆(15)N values have been experimentally shown to vary amongst consumers, tissues and diet composition, resolving appropriate species-specific ∆(15)N values can be complex. Given the logis...

Resource utilization by nine abundant piscivores from a diverse tropical fish assemblage was examined over the course of a year. All nine species exhibited peak reproduction during the early wet season and a similar sequence of size-dependent shifts from a diet composed primarily of microcrustacea, to aquatic insects, and finally fishes. Three piranha species specialized on fish firis, particul...

Species with similar resource requirements cannot coexist for long. To facilitate co-existence, carnivores adapt different strategies to partition the available resources in space and time. In high-altitude ecosystems limited operation becomes complex. We assessed species diversity spatio-temporal partitioning among felid inhabiting intricate habitats of Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR),...

The objective of this study was to analyse the feeding habits and trophic interactions between four oceanic predatory fish around Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), Brazil, in western equatorial Atlantic (3.86°S/32.42°W), internationally recognized as an environment high economic ecological value. For purpose, biological samples yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), wahoo (Acanthocybium solan...

BACKGROUND Patella alta describes an abnormally high-riding patella in relationship to the femur and has been shown to correlate with patellofemoral pain, instability, chondromalacia, and arthrosis. Conventional measurements of patella alta involve multiple measurements and are often not defined on cross-sectional imaging as related to radiographs. HYPOTHESIS Patellar articular overlap on sag...