The taxation of diesel fuel varies by use. Consumers using diesel fuel on-road must pay state and federal highway taxes while diesel fuel consumed for residential heating, industrial use, farming or off-road travel do not pay taxes. Variation in the taxation of diesel fuel creates the incentive for firms and individuals to evade on-road diesel taxes. Firms evading on-road diesel taxes purchase ...

The increased number of automobiles in recent years has resulted in great demand for fossil fuel. This has led to the development of automobile by using alternative fuels which include gaseous fuels, biofuels and vegetables oils as fuel. Energy from biomass and more specific bio-diesel is one of the opportunities that could cover the future demand of fossil fuel shortage. Biomass in the form of...

A comprehensive study on the methanol as an alternative fuel has been carried out. A four stroke four cylinder diesel engine was adopted to study engine power, torque, break specific fuel consumption, break thermal efficiency and exhaust temperature with the fuel of fraction methanol in diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol blended with diesel at certain mixing rati...

in this paper, optimal design of hybrid solar-wind- diesel energy system with battery storage for reliable load in arsoon village in ardabil is presented. the village has 35 households that mean daily energy consumption is estimated 63.4 kwh. in this design optimization is implemented, considering loss of power supply probability (lpsp) index for reliable load providing, with minimum total cons...

Soil contamination by different hydrocarbons has rapidly expanded worldwide, surpassing the self-purification capacity of soils and increasing number contaminated sites. Although much effort been devoted to study effects diesel on geotechnical properties soil, there is still limited available information about it. Moreover, no maximum retention that soil can have its effect behavior soil. Thus,...

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the detection of excessive diesel knock using acoustic emission (AE) signals. Three different dual-fuel diesel engine operating regimes were induced into a compression-ignition (diesel) engine operating on both straight diesel fuel and two different mixtures of fumigated ethanol and diesel. The experimentally induced engine operating regime...

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contain elemental carbon, organic compounds including Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and other trace compounds. Diesel exhaust is complex mixture of thousands of chemicals. Over forty air contaminants are recognized as toxicants, such as carcinogens. Most diesel exhaust particles have aerodynamic diameters falling within a range of 0.1 to 0.25 μm. DEP w...

We developed a new semi-analytical source zone depletion model (SZDM) for multicomponent light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) and incorporated this into an existing screening model for estimating cleanup times for chemical spills from railroad tank cars that previously considered only single-component LNAPLs. Results from the SZDM compare favorably to those from a three-dimensional numerical...

The present work is focused on determining the performance and emission characteristics biodiesel in DI diesel engine. Experimental investigation of diesel engine was made with 25% (B25), 50% (B50) and 75% (B75) and 100%(B100) blending of Ziziphus jujuba oil with diesel and the results were compared with diesel. Keywords— Ziziphus jujuba, Indian jujube, Edible, Blending, direct injection (DI) d...

The mating behavior and the mating success of copepods rely on chemoreception to locate and track a sexual partner. However, the potential impact of the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbons on these aspects of copepod reproduction has never been tested despite the widely acknowledged acute chemosensory abilities of copepods. I examined whether three concentrations of the water-soluble fractio...