successively decomposes the artifact being designed along functional lines. It describes the functional relationship between the parts and abstract parts in the domain. This relationship describes how abstract parts may be realized by combining sets of lower-level functions, which may include parts. (4) R e q u i r e d f u n c t i o n s parts and abstract parts often require the functions perfo...

One obstacle in understanding deafness as a cultural difference is the absence of models and methods that could study acculturation or identity deaf people modern Russia. Approbation validation hard-of-hearing self-identification scale (DIDS), based on Glickman model development identity, contribute to Russia, create reliable methodological tool for practical psychologists working system specia...

introduction: recent studies have shown the presence of cl- channels in heart and liver mitochondrial membranes. in this work, we have characterized the functional profile of a cl- channel from rat brain mitochondria. methods: after removing and homogenizing the rat brain, the supernatant was separately centrifuged in msedigitonin, h2o and na2co3 and mitochondrial inner membrane vesicles were o...

We characterized a voltage-dependent ionic current in dental pulp cells on dental pulp slices using a nystatin perforated-patch recording configuration. The outward currents in dental pulp cells were inhibited by the following channel blockers: 1) Ca(2+)-free extracellular solution containing 10 mM Ba2+, 2) extracellular 400 nM apamin and 3) extracellular 300 nM 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,...

The presence of chloride-formate anion exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cardiac myocytes was investigated. Imposing an outward chloride gradient in sarcolemmal microsomes isolated from canine aorta stimulated [14C]formate uptake compared with the absence of a chloride gradient (24.3 +/- 2.33 versus 9.8 +/- 1.41 pmol/mg protein for 30 seconds, P < .03) and induced transient u...

BACKGROUND Some respiratory diseases may induce alveolar hypoxia thereby hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). However, the mechanisms of this physiologic phenomenon are not fully understood. This study was the first to investigate the role of anion exchanger in sustained HPV. METHODS Experiments were performed in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. After preparation, the lungs were divide...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein thrombospondin (TSP) binds specifically to polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) surface receptors and promotes cell adhesion and motility. TSP receptor expression increases 30-fold after activation with the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, in combination with cytochalasin B. The expressi...

The effect of anion-specific inhibitors on the utilization of the sugar nucleotides (UDP-glucose, GDP-mannose, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) required for the formation of the oligosaccharide-lipid involved in N-glycosylation has been studied in intact endoplasmic reticulum (ER) vesicles from thyroid. Of the reagents tested, the nonpenetrating probe DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfon...

Mechanisms involved in basolateral HCO transport were examined in the in vitro microperfused rat medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (MTALH) by microfluorometric monitoring of cell pH. Removing peritubular Cl(-) induced a cellular alkalinization that was inhibited in the presence of peritubular 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and blunted in the absence of external CO...

It has been shown that Cl-/HCO3- exchangers and Cl- channels, both of which are sensitive to stilbene derivatives, have essential roles in the mechanism of apoptosis induction. Staurosporine-induced apoptosis in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes was prevented by a stilbene derivative, DIDS. To clarify whether Cl-/HCO3- exchangers or Cl- channels are targets of DIDS and whether ClC-3 is involved in ...