Recent years have witnessed a growing proportion of female general practitioners (GPs) worldwide. Because female GPs tend to work fewer hours than male GPs, this continuing trend may accelerate the shortage of GPs. This paper investigates the gender di erence in the wage elasticity of Australian GPs by maximum likelihood estimation of labour supply and wage equations. Quantitative information r...

An important concern in the design of search engines is the construction of an inv erted index. An inv erted index, also called a concordance, contains a list of documents (or posting list) for every possible search term. These posting lists are usually compressed with di erence coding. Di erence coding yields the best compression when the lists to be coded hav e high locality. Coding methods h...

Order of magnitude reasoning | reasoning by rough comparisons of the sizes of quantities | is often called \back of the envelope calculation", with the implication that the calculations are quick though approximate. This paper exhibits an interesting class of constraint sets in which order of magnitude reasoning is demonstrably fast. Speci cally, we present a polynomial-time algorithm that can ...

The results presented in this paper are part of a research project to investigate the possibilities to apply massively parallel architectures for numerical weather forecasting. Within numerical weather forecasting several numerical techniques are used to solve the model equations. This paper compares the performance of implementations on a MasPar system of two techniques, nite di erence and spe...

An important di erence in inductive bias between machine learning approaches is whether they assume the e ects of di erent properties on a target variable to be cumulative or not. We believe this di erence may have an important in uence on the performance of machine learning or data mining techniques, and hence should be taken into account when deciding which techniques to use. We illustrate th...

The problem of estimating the di erence in arrival times of a noisy sinusoid received at two spatially separated sensors is considered. Given the sinusoidal frequency, a simple delay estimator using the phase di erence of the discrete time Fourier transforms (DTFTs) of the received signals is devised. With the use of periodogram, the algorithm is extended to estimate the delay when the frequenc...

Numerical di erentiation formulas based on interpolating polynomials, operators and lozenge diagrams can be simpli ed to one of the nite di erence approximations based on Taylor series. In this paper, we have presented closed-form expressions of these approximations of arbitrary order for rst and higher derivatives. A comparison of the three types of approximations is given with an ideal digita...

Two approaches of multistage gradient robusti cation for image contour detection are presented in this paper: two stages of Di erence of Estimates and Di erence of Estimate followed by an optimal ltering. Watershed transformation is then applied to these robusti ed gradient images to e ectively detect image contours which are guaranteed to be in closed form. Multistage gradient robusti cation p...

We discuss the temporal di erence learning algorithm as applied to approximating the cost to go function of an in nite horizon discounted Markov chain The algorithm we analyze updates parameters of a linear function approximator on line during a single endless traject ory of an irreducible aperiodic Markov chain with a nite or in nite state space We present a proof of convergence with probabili...

Direct numerical simulation of transitional and turbulent hypersonic boundary layers using the Navier-Stokes equations requires high-order accurate numerical methods to resolve a wide range of time and length scales. Compact or explicit nite di erence methods used for such simulation have mainly been central di erence schemes containing only phase errors without any numerical dissipation. Centr...