The role of the surface charge of human red blood cells (RBC's) in affecting RBC aggregation by macromolecules was studied by comparing the behavior of normal RBC's with that of RBC's treated with neuraminidase, which removes the sialic acids from the cell membrane and reduces the zeta potential. RBC aggregation in dextrans with different molecular weights (Dx 20, Dx 40, and Dx 80) was quantifi...

In order to explore how cytoskeletal proteins are moved by axonal transport, we injected fluorescent microtubules and actin filaments as well as exogenous particulates into squid giant axons and observed their movements by confocal microscopy. The squid giant axon is large enough to allow even cytoskeletal assemblies to be injected without damaging the axon or its transport mechanisms. Negative...

Transport of solutes through brain involves diffusion and convection. The importance of convective flow in the subarachnoid and paravascular spaces has long been recognized; a recently proposed 'glymphatic' clearance mechanism additionally suggests that aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels facilitate convective transport through brain parenchyma. Here, the major experimental underpinnings of the g...

Previous mechanisms describing how aminoglycosides exert their cellular toxicity, including lysosomal accumulation, rupture, and release, cannot account for the rapidity and extent of the observed subcellular and organ effects. Using immunoamplification techniques and colocalization with epitopes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we report rapid retrograde transport of gentamicin to the ER. Ad...

This review describes protein purifications from cell culture medium or cell-lysate by high speed counter-current chromatography using the cross-axis coil planet centrifuge. Purifications were performed using aqueous two phase systems composed of polyethylene glycols and dextrans.

Serologically reactive dextrans were synthesized from sucrose by 22 of 48 strains of streptococci isolated from the blood of patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis. One strain formed an appreciable amount of levan as well as dextran. Nine strains of group H streptococci from throats formed dextran serologically similar to that formed by the described endocarditis streptococci. Six strain...

There has been much recent interest in polysaccharide coatings for biotechnology applications. We obtained highly wettable dextran coatings applied to flat silicon wafer surfaces through a two-step process: in the first step, the silicon is aminated by the deposition of a selfassembled monolayer of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES); in the second step, polydisperse and low dispersity dextran...

Fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP) was used to examine the role of actin and myosin in the transport of dextrans through the nuclear pore complex. Anti-actin antibodies added to isolated rat liver nuclei significantly reduced the flux rate of fluorescently labeled 64-kD dextrans. The addition of 3 mM ATP to nuclei, which enhances the flux rate in control nuclei by approxima...