the paper in the study of poverty in pakistan is aimed at the analysis of macroeconomic determinants of poverty. it reviews the empirical literature on poverty in pakistan over the last thirty years. the literature varies from published research papers to the different reports produced by the national and the international institutions. it also estimates the impact of different causes of povert...

in the past few decades, capitalist economic system has witnessed different financial crises the most important of which is the 2008 financial crisis. the crisis had different causes that the main causes are innovations and financial assets without actual backing (real underlying asset) and their developing by financial institutions. namely, financial institutions, especially banks, developed t...

public health instruments have been under constant development and renewal for decades. international legal instruments, with their binding character and strength, have a special place in this development. the start of the 21st century saw, in particular, the birth of the first world health organization (who)-era health treaties – the who framework convention on tobacco control (who fctc) and i...

The need for radical re-thinking on development strategy is imperative for African countries to be relevant in the global economy. This is further reinforced by the stark reality of extreme poverty in Africa. Over the years, the share of Africa in global trade remained insignificant despite the implementation of the policies that were recommended by international financial and development insti...

State cooperation with international institutions requires support from subnational constituencies. We argue that citizens often approve of abstract, foreign actions by institutions, yet disapprove of specific, local actions. We argue this aversion is greatest for citizens in closest “proximity” to institutional actions. We assess these arguments with a survey experiment about the International...