Nowadays, not only TV cables, satellites’ programs and the internet outside Iran broadcast Iranian cinematographic works without any authorization and restriction, the sale of such works is increasing in foreign countries. The breach of the creators’ rights in cinematographic works outside Iran incurs substantial damages to the cinema industry in Iran. However, these creators are no...

Ownership of economic and moral rights of work to creator is the first assumption of any intellectual work. However, this assumption does not have any fix station about works created in employment agreements, and also academic works. In some legal systems (especially in common law countries such as United States of America) first principle is the allocation of rights to the employer/university,...

Taking the accused into surveillance by police officers in witnessed crimes is one of the most important authorities of them. Certainly giving this authority to police officers, which leads to the denial of freedom of accused for movement in limited time, is based on the efforts in order to achieve principal interests as finding out the truth and reveal the fact in criminal cases as well obtain...

Abstract The question is about the “why”s in dealing with the basis. Why is disciplinary liability raised for the physicians? However, searching for the goal, the objective is to find out “why” do physicians face disciplinary liability? Answers to these two questions are to be particularly determined by comparison with the bases and goals of criminal and civil liabilitie...

  Background and Objectives: Patients’ rights are the patients’ expectations from health services. Patients’ rights declaration is to protect individuals’ rights in order to be ensured, in case of being sick they will receive enough qualified care in a respectful context regardless of their age, gender, and economic situation. The purpose of this study was to determ...