OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in male smokers compared to male nonsmoker, both with no history of chronic disease at 3 health centers in Seville, Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of smokers and nonsmoker who were matched on the basis of potentially confounding variables (age, marital status, ...

Historic buildings are constantly being exposed to numerous climatic changes such as damp and rainwater. Water migration into and out of the material's pores can lead to salt precipitation and the so-called efflorescence. The structure of the material may be seriously threatened by salt crystallization. A huge pressure is produced when salt hydrates occupy larger spaces, which leads at the end ...

The evaluation of nano-particle based products to protect granite surfaces from water income is presented in this paper. Wettability, water absorption, drying behaviour and water vapour transfer were considered as the most relevant parameters for this evaluation. The effect of the application methods on the final performance was also tested. The results allow to consider that nanostructured pro...