BACKGROUND Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been scaled up by the Chinese government alongside persistent compulsory drug user detention, but the extent to which detention interferes with MMT is unknown. The study systematically reviews Chinese MMT retention rates, reasons for drop out, and behavioural changes. METHOD Chinese and English databases of literature are searched for studi...

A 6-year-old child, held in detention with his parents pending the outcome of their application for refugee status, manifested psychological distress by repeated episodes of refusing to eat or drink. This case presented clinical and ethical dilemmas for health professionals who were constrained from acting in the child's best interests by government policy of mandatory detention.

A model for the simulation of nitrification in activated sludge is presented and calculations are compared with experimental results from different sources. The role of protozoa and the influence of reactor type and of diurnal variations in flow and strength of the sewage are considered. Favorable conditions for nitrification are low rates of sludge wasting, high temperatures, plug-flow-type re...

justice system is also reflected in other areas. In 1997, most girls who were adjudicated delinquent were placed on probation (60%) or in a residential setting (22%). Between 1988 and 1997, the number of cases resulting in probation or residential placement increased by over 100 percent, and the number of female cases that involved detention increased by 65 percent, surpassing the increase in d...

This bulletin series presents the results of the Northwestern Juvenile Project, the first large-scale, prospective longitudinal study of drug, alcohol, and psychiatric disorders in a diverse sample of juvenile detainees. Individual bulletins examine topics such as suicidal behaviors in youth in detention, posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma among this population, functional impairment in y...

BACKGROUND Despite Thailand's official reclassification of drug users as "patients" deserving care and not "criminals," the Thai government has continued to rely heavily on punitive responses to drug use such as "boot camp"-style compulsory "treatment" centers. There is very little research on experiences with compulsory treatment centers among people who use drugs. The work reported here is a ...

for non-darcy flow in submerged porous media a one- dimensional mathematical model has been developed. rockfill detention dams are one of these porous media that comprised of relatively homogenous coarse rockfill which can be used to reduce flood discharge and hydrograph peak. in this research the focus was on the rockfill detention dams in submerged condition. the existence of overtopping rock...

Immigration detention is a central tenet of the British government’s response to immigration but remains under-theorised in academia. This article uses testimonies drawn from anthropological research conducted with detainees at an Immigration Removal Centre to examine lived experiences of immigration detention and explore the relationships between detainees and the British state. It suggests th...

Due to lack of detention capacity, tens of thousands of apprehended illegal aliens are released into the U.S. interior each year instead of being removed. We construct a queueing model of the detention and removal operations and estimate the model parameters using 2003 data from the U.S. Government. While current funding is for approximately 21,000 detention beds, we estimate that approximately...