BACKGROUND The use of sex steroids in oral contraception or hormonal replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular thromboembolic complications. Although both the estrogen and the progestin components have been involved, the underlying mechanisms responsible are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study examined whether sex steroids promote hemostasis indirectly by ...

The aim of this paper is to assess the profile of patients using hormonal contraceptives in the public health network and a comparison with the private health service, as well as the frequency of side effects and adherence to treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 patients, namely 120 patients from the private health service and 120 patients from the public health network. Th...

BACKGROUND Two recent studies, a cohort study from Denmark, and a case-control study from The Netherlands, have reported increased risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among users of oral contraceptives (OCs) containing desogestrel, gestodene, drospirenone and cyproterone, relative to the use of levonorgestrel. CRITIQUE In the Danish study the comparisons were not valid. (1) VTE risk is high...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that both the estrogen dose and progestogen type of oral contraceptives contribute to the increased risk of thrombosis in oral contraceptive users. Thrombin generation-based activated protein C (APC) sensitivity is a global test for the net prothrombotic effect of oral contraceptives and predicts the thrombotic risk. Our objective was to test the us...

BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives (OC) are the most popular contraception in Denmark. Overall figures on use are well described, but more detailed use patterns according to type and age need to be updated. OBJECTIVES To assess trends in the use of OC including progestogen-only pills among Danish women in 1998-2010 and to describe in detail use patterns in 2010. Design. Annual cross-sectional pre...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thrombosis in current users of different types of hormonal contraception, focusing on regimen, oestrogen dose, type of progestogen, and route of administration. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Denmark, 1995-2005. PARTICIPANTS Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted rate ra...

Research has established the principle of hormonal male contraception based on suppression of gonadotropins and spermatogenesis. All hormonal male contraceptives use testosterone, but only in East Asian men can testosterone alone suppress spermatogenesis to a level compatible with contraceptive protection. In Caucasians, additional agents are required of which progestins are favored. Clinical t...