Computational models of rhythmic motor systems are valuable tools for the study of motor pattern generation and control. Recent modeling advances, together with experimental results, suggest that rhythmic behaviors, such as breathing or walking, are influenced by complex interactions among motor system components. Such interactions occur at all levels of organization, from the subcellular throu...

The aim of this study was to check the correlation between brain areas in participants with attention deficit-hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD) during rhythmic motor activity. Children with ADHD have abnormal motor oscillatory activity. This maybe a result of synchronous activity and high connectivity between regions involved in motor tasks. We examined correlation between brain regions using functi...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selected physical activity program on the development of motor skills in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and high functioning autism (hfa). in this semiexperimental research, 20 children (8.8+0.7 years old) with hfa and 10 children (7.9+1.4 years old) with adhd based on pretest scores were randomly selected...

Despite considerable progress in characterizing the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) in Aplysia, the full complement of neurons that generate feeding motor programs has not yet been identified. The distribution of neuropeptide-containing neurons in the buccal and cerebral ganglia can be used as a tool to identify additional elements of the feeding circuitry by providing distinctions betw...

Rhythmic motor behaviors are generated by networks of neurons. The sequence and timing of muscle contractions depends on both synaptic connections between neurons and the neurons' intrinsic properties. In particular, motor neuron ion currents may contribute significantly to motor output. Large conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) (BK) currents play a role in action potential repolarization, inters...

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity regulates the flow of information in neuronal networks and has important implications for the expression of behavior. We find a functional role for short-term synaptic enhancement (STE) such as facilitation, augmentation, and post-tetanic potentiation at central synapses in the sea slug Aplysia californica. Consummatory feeding in Aplysia such as rhythmic ...

和訳：リズミックな一側手指筋収縮中の同側大脳皮質一次運動野興奮性変化につい て‐経頭蓋磁気刺激法を用いた神経生理学的研究‐ 広島大学大学院総合科学研究科 総合科学専攻 学生番号 D104944 氏 名 上原 一将 論文の要旨 Chapter 1: General introduction Recent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in human demonstrated that while performing a unilateral movement, activity of primary motor cortex (M1) ipsilateral to the movement side contribute...

Networks generating locomotor-like rhythmic motor activity are formed during the last week of the fetal period in the rat spinal cord. We investigated the coordinated rhythmic motor activity induced in transverse slice preparations of the lumbar spinal cord taken from fetal rats as early as embryonic day (E) 16.5. In slices as thin as 100 microm, bath-application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) i...

There is extensive modulation of cutaneous and H-reflexes during rhythmic leg movement in humans. Mechanisms controlling reflex modulation (e.g., phase- and task-dependent modulation, and reflex reversal) during leg movements have been ascribed to the activity of spinal central pattern generating (CPG) networks and peripheral feedback. Our working hypothesis has been that neural mechanisms (i.e...

Central pattern generators are neuronal circuits that when activated can produce rhythmic motor patterns such as walking, breathing, flying, and swimming in the absence of sensory or descending inputs that carry specific timing information. General principles of the organization of these circuits and their control by higher brain centers have come from the study of smaller circuits found in inv...