1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was administered to a total of 131 Wister Furth substrain (WF /0) rats 20 times weekly at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The tumors were more predominant in the ascending colon (.64/148) than in the descending colon (13/148). Examination of the apparently normal colon after the 20th injection of DMH revealed that both the ascending (P<O. 01) and descending colon ep...

People prefer to order spatial information in a hierarchy of decreasing size of spatial unit when giving directions for finding objects and in a hierarchy of increasing size of spatial unit when providing descriptions of object locations (Plumert, Carswell, DeVet, & Ihrig, 1995). In five experiments, we examined whether people have a preference for ascending or descending organization when the ...

It has become widely accepted that the osmolality gradient along the corticomedullary axis of the mammalian outer medulla is generated and sustained by a process of countercurrent multiplication: active NaCl absorption from thick ascending limbs is coupled with the counterflow configuration of the descending and ascending limbs of the loops of Henle to generate an axial osmolality gradient alon...

Background: Botulism is an acute and rapidly progressive descending paralytic disease caused by a neurotoxin of clostridium botulinum. Case presentation: A 28-year-old woman presented with severe generalized ascending symmetrical muscle paralysis. The patient was intubated and transferred to the medical intensive care unit with several symptoms including: severe headache, dysphagia, dyspnea, p...

Neurons of the pigeon's diencephalic n. rotundus were demonstrated to show visual responses of short and long latency representing ascending signals of the retino-tecto-rotundal system and descending signals from telencephalo-tecto-rotundal fibers. Pigeons thus provide an ideal model to investigate the convergence of ascending and descending visual processing streams at single cell level. Altho...

The vascular bundle (VB) is a complex structure that resides in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. At present, the tubulovascular spatial organization of the VB, which is crucial for the formation of the osmolarity gradient and for solute transport, is still under debate. In this study, we used computer-assisted digital tracing combined with aquaporin-1 immunohistochemistry to reconstruct a...

The pressure-corrected hourly counting rate data of neutron monitor stations, situated in different latitudes, have been employed to study the variation of cosmic ray diurnal anisotropy for a long period of 44 years (1965-2008). Some of these neutron monitors are situated in low latitudes with high cutoff rigidity. Annual averages of the diurnal amplitudes and phases have been obtained for each...

The mechanisms of water and ion transport in ascending and descending rat colon were compared using an everted open mucosal sac preparation. Net water flux, measured gravimetrically, was similar in both segments (15.3 plus or minus 1.2 and 13.7 plus or minus 1.3mul h(-1) mg(-1), NS). Net catonic flux J(Na+K),net anionic flux J(Cl-HCO3), and net solute flux Josm were also similar; but the const...

background: households’ financial protection against health payments and expenditures and equity in utilization of health care services are of the most important tasks of governments. this study aims to measuring equity in household’s health care payments according to fairness in financial contribution (ffc) and kakwani indices in tehran-iran, 2013. methods: this cross-sectional study was condu...