In this paper, the principals of large-scale desalination plants have been briefly introduced. Based on this, the essential aspects of obtaining a mathematical model of an MSF plant were presented in Section 3. This step of defining the main system variables and decomposing the large-scale system into its main subsystems is most important, whether the model is used for simulation or model-based...

The paper presents an overview of environmental issues that may be expected with nuclear desalination. The analysis of coupling nuclear power with desalination plants indicates that adverse marine impacts can be mitigated with alternative intake designs or cooling systems. The atmospheric impact of desalination may be greatly reduced through the coupling with nuclear power, while maximizing the...

Seawater desalination plants have been utilized to supply fresh water to the State of Kuwait since the early 50’s. In spite of the fact that there are several types of desalination technology that can be used more efficiently and economically, one type of desalination technology, namely multi-stage flash (MSF), has been used extensively in Kuwait. This work is an attempt to identify the most su...

As concerns of natural resource depletion and environmental degradation caused by desalination increase, research studies of the environmental sustainability of desalination are growing in importance. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an ISO standardized method and is widely applied to evaluate the environmental performance of desalination. This study reviews more than 30 desalination LCA studies ...

As engineers, a confliction readily appears in regards to cost efficiency against quality. Civil Engineer A of Peace Corps was assigned the task of the design and building of a desalination though electrodialysis plant in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Desalination is the process of removing high salt contents from groundwater in order to render it drinkable. Of the total volume of water on Earth,...

Fuel allocation in a combined steam-injected gas turbine (STIG) power generation and multi-effect thermal vapor compression (METVC) desalination system is studied, using seven methods: (1) Products Energy Method, (2) Products Exergy Method, (3) Power-Generation-Favored Method, (4) Heat-Production-Favored Method, (5) Basic Exergetic Cost Theory, (6) Functional Approach and (7) Splitting Factor M...

The correlation between water and energy is currently the focus of several investigations. In particular, desalination is a technological process characterized by high energy consumption; nevertheless, desalination represents the only practicable solution in several areas, where the availability of fresh water is limited but brackish water or seawater are present. These natural resources (energ...

The occurrence and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing globally during the past few decades. The impact of these events on seawater desalination facilities has become an important topic in recent years due to enhanced societal interest and reliance on this technology for augmenting world water supplies. A variety of harmful bloom-forming species of microalgae occur in ...

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane biofouling remains a common challenge in the desalination industry, but the marine bacterial community that causes membrane fouling is poorly understood. Microbial communities at different stages of treatment processes (intake, cartridge filtration, and SWRO) of a desalination pilot plant were examined by both culture-based and culture-independent approa...