Nanoflares have been proposed as the main source of heating of the solar corona. However, detecting them directly has so far proved elusive, and extrapolating to them from the properties of larger brightenings gives unreliable estimates of the power-law exponent α characterising their distribution. Here we take the approach of statistically modelling light curves representative of the quiet Sun...

This paper discusses the shape of the stock return distribution using the all shares index of Helsinki Stock Exchange. Non-parametric kernel density estimation and power exponential family of distributions are used to model the shape of the return distribution. The parameters of power exponential distribution are estimated with Bayesian approach. The findings suggest that the shape of the distr...

The age of ground water in any given sample is a distributed quantity representing distributed provenance (in space and time) of the water. Conventional analysis of tracers such as unstable isotopes or anthropogenic chemical species gives discrete or binary measures of the presence of water of a given age. Modeled ground water age distributions provide a continuous measure of contributions from...

Using an extension of the Boltzmann equation for the Wigner distribution appropriate for dilute spin 1 systems, spin diffusion equations are derived in the limit of large nuclear polarization in the non-degenerate rdgime. As an example of a system to which this work may be applied, the domain of validity of the Boltzmann equation for doubly spin-polarized deuterium, D ~ , is studied. The effect...

Given a uniform ensemble of quantum density matrices ρ, it is useful to calculate the mean value over this ensemble of a product of entries of ρ. We show how to calculate such moments in this paper. The answer involves well known results from Group Representation Theory and Random Matrix Theory. This quantum problem has a well known classical counterpart: given a uniform ensemble of probability...

In this paper, we propose the SPR (sparse phase retrieval) method, which is a new phase retrieval method for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI). Conventional phase retrieval methods effectively solve the problem for high signal-to-noise ratio measurements, but would not be sufficient for single biomolecular imaging which is expected to be realized with femto-second x-ray free electron la...

Density and distribution of Unfamiliar Lexical Items (ULIs) appear to influence learners’ Reading Comprehension Achievement (RCA). This study concerns the impact of these two variables on Iranian EFL learners’ RCA. For this, two groups of students timetabled for the experiments designed to assess learners’ RCA. To determine the participants’ levels of proficiency a Quick Proficiency Test was fi...