INTRODUCTION Most pathogens colonize and invade the host at mucosal surfaces, such as the lung and the intestine. To combat intestinal pathogens the induction of local adaptive immune responses is required, which is mainly achieved through oral vaccination. However, most vaccines are ineffective when given orally owing to the hostile environment in the gastrointestinal tract. The encapsulation ...

The formation of neuronal synapses is thought to depend on trans-synaptic interactions between cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the surface of axons and dendrites. Synapses are highly asymmetric structures. Pre- and post-synaptic domains might therefore be assembled around heterophilic CAMs which are polarized to axons vs. dendrites. We here investigated the targeting of neuroligin (NLG)-1, a ...

Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are a key regulator of the immune response, and interferon- beta (IFN-β) is considered an immunomodulatory molecule for DC. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of IFN-β treated DC to induce cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells. Methods: Dendritic cells were generated from blood monocytes with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating fac...

Autapses are transmitter release sites made by the axon of a neuron on its own dendrites. We determined the numbers and precise subcellular position of autapses on different spiny and smooth dendritic cell types using intracellular biocytin filling in slices of adult neocortex. Potential self-innervation was light microscopically assessed on 10 pyramidal cells, 7 spiny stellate cells, and 41 sm...

Abstract Melanoma cells activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote progression and suppress dendritic cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. However, role of β-catenin macrophages its effect on immunity is largely undefined. In this study, using XAV939, a tankyrase inhibitor encapsulated nanoparticles, we explored whether targeting can immunogenicity TME. Our da...

background: dendritic cells (dc) induce tumor or pathogen-specific t cell responses in humans. several laboratories have developed culture systems, including maturation factors for human dc from peripheral blood monocytes. we comprehensively compared standard maturation stimulus, an autologous monocyte-conditioned medium (mcm), with heparin for their ability to promote uniformly mature dc that ...