Mitochondrial content within axons increases following demyelination in the central nervous system, presumably as a response to the changes in energy needs of axons imposed by redistribution of sodium channels. Myelin sheaths can be restored in demyelinated axons and remyelination in some multiple sclerosis lesions is extensive, while in others it is incomplete or absent. The effects of remyeli...

400 www.thelancet.com/neurology Vol 10 May 2011 might benefi t from early initiation of therapy to prevent or delay progression to multiple sclerosis. Data from this study could also provide clues as to the causes and development of multiple sclerosis, because the interactions between genetic and environmental factors were analysed in children during the period of fi rst exposure to environment...

A pair of photomicrographs showing the multiple sclerosis histological immunopathology pattern I. The image on left is stained for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and shows demyelination side lesion. right an adjacent section through same plaque, with KiM1P antibody macrophages microglia, demonstrating infiltration into demyelinated area. See paper by Metz colleagues (pp. 440–454) in ...

Remyelination following central nervous system demyelination is essential to prevent axon degeneration. However, remyelination ultimately fails in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. This failure of remyelination is likely mediated by many factors, including changes in the extracellular signalling environment. Here, we examined the expression of the extracellular matrix molecule ...

In this study, we describe prominent perivenular spaces as a sign that is seen on high-resolution (512 x 512) transverse T2-weighted MR images in patients with multiple sclerosis. The observed widening of perivenular space is depicted as a stringlike hyperintensity projecting radially and aligned with multiple sclerosis lesions (usually small), following the course and configuration of deep ven...

PURPOSE To study bystander demyelination in multiple sclerosis with an experimental in vivo model of toxic demyelination. METHODS Toxic demyelinating lesions were created in two monkeys by injection of lysophosphatidylcholine in the centrum semiovale. Follow-up was done clinically and with serial MR studies, including T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images and measurement of m...

Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease, with axonal loss underlying long-term progressive disability. In this study, we have analyzed axonal and myelin pathology in a chronic relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in Biozzi ABH mice induced by immunization with a syngeneic spinal cord homogenate. The animals were followed for3 months; inflamm...

Although historically considered a disease primarily affecting the white matter of the central nervous system, recent pathological and imaging studies have established that cortical demyelination is common in multiple sclerosis and more extensive than previously appreciated. Subpial, intracortical and leukocortical lesions are the three cortical lesion types described in the cerebral and cerebe...

sVeto S, Acs P, Bauer J, Lassmann H, Berente Z, Sumegi B, Komoly S, Gallyas F Jr,Illes Z, 2010. Inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a potential therapy againstoligodendrocyte death in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Immunology 135: S30-S30 Veto S, Acs P, Bauer J, Lassmann H, Berente Z, Sumegi B, Komoly S, Gallyas F Jr,Illes Z, 2010. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is activat...

Introduction: Nogo-A and Nogo receptor (NgR) are expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells. NgR plays critical inhibitory roles in axonal regeneration and remyelination. However, the role of NgR in SVZ niche behaviors in demyelination context is still uncertain. Here we investigated the effects of NgR inhibition on SVZ niche reaction in a local model of demyelination in adult mouse ...