The TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study was a 3-yr multicentre trial of 6,112 patients randomised to salmeterol (Salm), fluticasone propionate (FP), a Salm/FP combination (SFC) or placebo (P). Here the cost-effectiveness of treatments evaluated in the TORCH study is assessed. For four regions, 3-yr all-cause hospitalisation, medication and outpatient care costs were calculated. Th...

AIMS We investigated the antimicrobial effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil on organic leafy greens, romaine and iceberg lettuces and mature and baby spinach, inoculated with Salmonella Newport. The influences of exposure times and abuse temperatures on bacterial survival were also investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Leaf samples were washed, inoculated with Salm. Newport (6-log CFUml(-1) ...

The globally widespread kind of description of vowels by points in the IPA quadrangle with the cardinal vowels as references is very often not trustworthy in its detailed specification. The reasonable interpretation of a dot registration is namely that the vowel quality is very narrowly pinpointed. However, most phoneticians do not have the capacity to judge vowels in this detailed way. Consequ...

Liquid pig feed (LPF) and skimmed milk (SM) acidified to pH 4 with lactic or hydrochloric acid (HCl) were treated with 0, 2.5, 5. 12.5, 25 or 50 ppm Cu and challenged with 10 c.f.u ml Salmonella Typhimurium DT104:30. The decimal reduction time (D) was determined by enumeration of viable Salmonellae at appropriate time intervals after inoculation. Additional SM samples, acidified to pH 2.5 with ...

We show that an elation generalised quadrangle which has p + 1 lines on each point, for some prime p, is classical or arises from a flock of a quadratic cone (i.e., is a flock quadrangle).

We show that an elation generalised quadrangle which has p + 1 lines on each point, for some prime p, is classical or arises from a flock of a quadratic cone (i.e., is a flock quadrangle).

Proving that a function satisfies the quadrangle inequality is a powerful and elegant way to show that a dynamic programming algorithm to compute that function can be sped up by a factor of the input size. In this paper we consider two problems that do no fit in the usual general cases of functions that satisfy the quadrangle inequality but for which the proof of the quadrangle inequality still...