This book deals with all aspects of human immuno-deficiency virus infection and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It includes chapters describing the human immuno-deficiency in detail, clinical features of HIV infection of various systems and opportunistic infections which occur in patients rendered immuno -deficient. It also includes useful chapters concerned with special problems relat...

Background: Worldwide, prisoners are more at risk of being infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as hepatitis C and B in comparison with other risk groups. The combination of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), addiction and prison are factors that threaten the health of our society. Influence of risky behaviors is so common on transmission of AIDS into prisoners’ bodie...

conclusions although significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in the frequency of ttmdv/sav between healthy controls and each of the hiv positive and hiv/hcv co-infected individuals, no significant difference was observed between hiv positive and hiv/hcv co-infected cases, which may be due to hiv associated immunodeficiency. this is the first time that ttmdv/sav is reported in hiv infec...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide epidemic, with over 42 million people currently infected. Since the discovery of HIV as the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), many potential vaccines have been created. The first of these vaccines presented disappointing results; however, that has not deterred researchers from continuing to develop more...

A very small proportion of people remain negative for HIV infection after repeated HIV-1 viral exposure, which is called HIV-1 resistance. Understanding the mechanism of HIV-1 resistance is important for the development of HIV-1 vaccines and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) therapies. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-resistant individu...

According to the joint United Nations Programme on HIV and/or AIDS (UNAIDS) report (2010) on the global acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, 33.3 million people were living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS by the end of 2009 worldwide (UNAIDS 2010:23). Unfortunately sub-Saharan Africa still seems to bear an ‘... inordinate share of the global HIV burden’ (UNA...

Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer that is involved in signal-mediated protein sorting to endosomal-lysosomal organelles. AP-3 deficiency in humans, induced by mutations in the AP3B1 gene, which encodes the β3A subunit of the AP-3 complex, results in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 2 (HPS2), which is a rare genetic disorder with defective lysosome-related organelles. In a previous s...

Breast milk samples from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive women were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to determine the prevalence and determinants of HIV-1-infected cells in breast milk. Breast milk samples (212) were collected from 107 women, and 58% of the samples had detectable HIV-1 DNA. The proportion of HIV-1-infected cells in the milk samples ranged from 1 to...

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), a result of human HIV (Human Immunodeficinency Virus) infection, is one of the most troublesome world's health problems. Extensive researches to find effective drugs for its treatment are running fast in huge capacities. IMOD (Immuno-Modulator Drug) is the name of an herbal drug that has modulatory effects of immune system. As a goal of this research,...