We construct a function of the edge-lengths of a triangulated surface whose variation under a rescaling of all the edges that meet at a vertex is the defect angle at that vertex. We interpret this function as a gravitational effective action on the triangulation, and the variation as a trace anomaly.

detection scheme for solving the problem of automated defect detection for textile fabrics. In the development of the scheme, Gabor wavelet network (GWN) is deployed as the major technique to extract texture features from textile fabrics. An optimal Gabor filter is then designed on the basis of the features extracted. The proposed defect detection scheme consists of one real-valued optimal Gabo...

Defect detection of integrated circuit (IC) wafer based on two-dimension wavelet transform (2-D DWT) is presented in this paper. By utilizing the characteristics many of the same chips in a wafer, three images with defects located in the same position and different chips are obtained. The defect images contain the standard image without any defects. 2-D DWT presented in the paper can extract th...

background penile fracture is a relatively rare urologic emergency. it is defined as traumatic rupture in tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum. traditionally, surgeon explores the penis in full-length by complete degloving of its skin and repairs any defect in the tunica. imaging modalities such as ultrasound and mri may be of help to reveal the exact site of tunica defect preoperatively for t...