Simile and allusion are two rhetorical aspects that have been taken into consideration by the scholars of rhetoric since long time ago. Some of the Iranian poets have used the capacities of the Persian language and integrated these aspects to create a modern rhetoric which in this study is introduced as rhetorical simile. The objective of the present study is the investigation of this rhetoric ...

Contemporary Iranian art, being affected by social context and events, and also sociological issues, has a critical approach. One of the formats that contemporary art uses to represent body and its pain is grotesque. Grotesque is a concept diversified over time which includes new definitions in contemporary art and contrasts with common principles of representation. The question is that why the...

Paradox is one of the literary techniques in the poetry of the Safavid poets. Hazin-e Lahiji, like so many other poets of that age, employed this technique in his pursuit and showed that "unfamiliar meaning". Paradox is used in the poetry of Hazin-e Lahiji for the purpose of defamiliarization and exoticism. The poet in order to create new implications and subtle and insightful points and also t...

Zeidari Nasavi’s Nafsat al-Masdoor is one of the few works which are written in technical prose and mainly aim at conveying meaning rather than affection. Considering the emotional strain of his literary text, Zeidari believes music has the highest effect on conveying the feeling, and in various ways, including the use of elements of prosody, literary figures, and the selection and arrang...

The review is devoted to Georgy Chernavin’s book Philosophy of the Troll. Phenomenon Paid Bots. central concept book–default opinion as an that nobody behind – outlined. In light idea default Chernavin seeks lay bare anonymous character natural attitude and general positing which belongs it–“the” world always there actuality. turns out be has ever taken up, since it already me up and, thus, for...

today, it is clear that literature is an event that becomes apparent within the context of language; since it is language that gives form and identity to it. in fact language is a system of phonetic, grammatical, and lexical to express thoughts and feelings. with the coming of formalism then structuralism, critics became of the conviction that a literary work should be studied without any backg...

abstract in this research, we try to examine the methods of tautology in modern poetry by studying the poems of badr shaker sayyab. the research method is descriptive and analytical, and collection of data is written in the library.tautology is the basic element of internal music of a poem. it is also one of the important elements in defamiliarization among artists. the basic rule in tautology ...

apostrophe is a figure of speech by which the poet breaks away from the common form of enunciation. it has also a very effective role in awakening and absorbing the audience. in many arabic and persian books on rhetoric, apostrophe is referred to as a “change of view”. there are a few types of apostrophe each of which can be studied in two areas of rhetoric (badi’ & ma’āni) and grammar. conside...