This case report describes a patient with a history of epileptic seizures who showed unusual decreases in the Bispectral Index (BIS) attributable to the induction of abnormal slow electroencephalographic (EEG) waves by photic stimulation, without any associated decrease in his level of consciousness. After starting anticonvulsive therapy, photic stimulation no longer induced abnormal EEG activi...

We used the Fsp technique to quantify the influence of changing stages of consciousness on the signal-to-noise ratio of the middle latency response (MLR). The MLR and polysomnographic activity were obtained from 10 subjects during a continuous 6-hour period. The Fsp statistic was applied to the MLR data in order to determine the number of scores above a specified criterion in each stage of cons...

Significant changes in topographic quantitative EEG (QEEG) features were documented during induction and emergence from anaesthesia induced by the systematic administration of sevoflurane and propofol in combination with remifentanil. The goal was to identify those changes that were sensitive to alterations in the state of consciousness but independent of anaesthetic protocol. Healthy paid volu...

We report the first patient with pathologically proven leukoencephalopathy associated with hypophosphatemia. A 61-year-old woman had repetitive episodes of decreased consciousness with pontine and pallidal lesions and extensive leukoencephalopathy on MRI, later found to be associated with hypophosphatemia. Although hypophosphatemia has been linked to central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysi...

Consciousness is reduced during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep due to changes in brain function that are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that impaired consciousness during NREM sleep is associated with an increased modularity of brain activity. Cerebral connectivity was quantified in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging times series acquired in 13 heal...

Impaired consciousness in temporal lobe seizures has a major negative impact on quality of life. The prevailing view holds that this disorder impairs consciousness by seizure spread to the bilateral temporal lobes. We propose instead that seizures invade subcortical regions and depress arousal, causing impairment through decreases rather than through increases in activity. Using functional magn...

A 77-year-old woman was admitted to a local clinic for altered consciousness and presented with a suspected basal ganglion hemorrhage detected on brain computed tomography. The patient was stuporous, but her vital signs were stable. Her initial blood glucose was 607 mg/dL, and a hyperdense lesion was found in the right basal ganglion on brain computed tomography. T1-weighted magnetic resonance ...

A 33 yr old man, previously diagnosed with hypothyroidism, presented with decreased level of consciousness and generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizure to Namazi hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during April 2015. The patient later referred with another episode of seizure like attack for which he received phenytoin, carbamazepine and levothyroxine and was discharged. During his last admission, the patient...

Bilateral thalamic infarctions are usually caused by occlusion of the "Artery of Percheron" (AoP). Thalamopeduncular syndrome is among the most common presentations of AoP occlusion. A 59-year-old male presented abrupt decreased level of consciousness. After several weeks, on regaining consciousness, he exhibited oculomotor abnormalities, ataxic gait, cervical dystonia, and cognitive and behavi...

discussion neurobrucellosis is a rare presentation of brucellosis and should be considered when neurological problems cannot be explained by other etiology especially in endemic areas. introduction brucellosis is a zoonotic infection with high distribution all over the world and has many clinical manifestations, one of which is neurobrucellosis (nb). case presentation our case was a 78-year-old...