The ability of slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) to survive exposure to various chemical stressors such as molluscicides (carbamates, metaldehyde, iron-chelates) or other environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides) was investigated using x-ray analyses, autoradiography, filter electron rnicroscopy, enzyme histochemistry, enzymatics, electron microscopy, and stress protein analyses. Uptake p...

We examined the response of a salt marsh food web to increases in nutrients at 19 coastal sites in Georgia. Fertilization increased the nitrogen content of the two dominant plants, Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus, indicating that added nutrients were available to and taken up by both species. Fertilization increased Spartina cover, height, and biomass and Juncus height, but led to ...

With the need of 16/11nm cells, triple patterning lithography (TPL) has been concerned in lithography industry. Basing on a new projection method for identifying conflicts, we solve the TPL layout decomposition problem in two steps. First, we formulate in this paper the TPL layout decomposition problem as a minimum cost coloring problem, and it is relaxed to a nonlinear 0-1 programming problem....

After death, most of the biological carbon in organisms (Corg) is returned to the atmosphere as CO2 through the respiration of decomposers and detritivores or by combustion. However, the balance between these processes is not perfect, and when productivity exceeds decomposition, carbon sequestration results. An unparalleled interval of carbon sequestration in Earth's history occurred during the...

A materially-closed aquatic ecosystem (microcosm) was developed. The microcosm contained two families of green algae and blue-green alga as primary producers, protozoa, two species of rotifers and oligochaetes as consumers, and bacteria as decomposers. The microcosm could be readily replicated. It was confirmed the population densities of each organism were almost constant for 365 days without ...

This study aims to clarify the importance fungi, in treating soil pollution with hydrocarbon residues. The soil's physiological, physical, chemical properties, and biological diversity, are affected by long-term existence of crude oil. showed that fungi's natural presence or addition would change decrease concentrations polycyclic hydrocarbons according different most important isolates decompo...

Aim As the two largest components of plant detritus input, leaf and root litter together determine ecosystem vegetation turnover nutrient cycling rates. However, similarities differences between factors controlling their decomposition remain unknown. We evaluated relationship fine across biomes analysed how traits, climate, soil conditions decomposers shape relationship. Location Global. Time p...