A dead-end filtration model that includes the three main fouling mechanisms mentioned in Hermia (i.e., cake build-up, complete pore blocking, and pore constriction) and that was based on a constant trans-membrane pressure (TMP) operation was extensively modified so it could be used for a sidestream configuration membrane bioreactor (MBR) situation. Modifications and add-ons to this basic model ...

In this study vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNT) was grown on anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate. The synthesized AAO-CNT membrane was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), contact angle and BET. The pure water flux, humic acid (HA) (as representative of natural organic matters) rejection and fouling mechanism were also evalu...

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of fabricating porous crosslinked chitosan hydrogels in an aqueous phase using dense gas CO(2) as a foaming agent. Highly porous chitosan hydrogels were formed by using glutaraldehyde and genipin as crosslinkers. The method developed here eliminates the formation of a skin layer, and does not require the use of surfactants or other toxic ...

The gutless marine worm Olavius algarvensis lives in symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria that provide nutrition by fixing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into biomass using reduced sulfur compounds as energy sources. A recent metaproteomic analysis of the O. algarvensis symbiosis indicated that carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2 ) might also be used as energy sources. We provide direct evidence tha...

Many viruses deliver their genomes into the host cell's nucleus before they replicate. While onco-retroviruses and papillomaviruses tether their genomes to host chromatin upon mitotic breakdown of the nuclear envelope, lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, parvoviruses, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, polyomaviruses, and baculoviruses deliver the...

Prediction of pore fouling by microparticles is still challenging and remains a difficult step to optimize membrane and filtration processes. The scientific issue consists in determining the relevant operation parameters controlling the capture of particles and the clogging of the filter. In this study, we have developed for a dead-end and cross-flow filtration a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) de...

The retention and adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) and 17b-estradiol (E2) were examined using three commercially available ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. A stirred cell operated within a batch dead-end stirred cell was employed to study the solute retention and the membrane flux of solutions both in the absence and presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWN...

Prediction of pore fouling by microparticles is still challenging and remains a difficult step to optimize membrane and filtration processes. The scientific issue consists in determining the relevant operation parameters controlling the capture of particles and the clogging of the filter. In this study, we have developed for a dead-end and cross-flow filtration a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) de...

One of the varieties of pores, often found in natural or artificial building materials, are the so-called blind pores of dead-end or saccate type. Three-dimensional model of such kind of pore has been developed in this work. This model has been used for simulation of water vapor interaction with individual pore by molecular dynamics in combination with the diffusion equation method. Special inv...

Background Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious and often deadly viral caused by the virus (NDV), affecting wide variety of domestic wild birds. The outbreak this fatal one greatest constraints to expansion poultry farms, resulting in significant financial losses. Here we report clinical pathological features ND case from an commercial broiler farm. Materials Methods A farm with population 85...