BACKGROUND To our knowledge tattooing has never been thought of as a method of introducing nanoparticles (NPs) into the human body by the intradermal route, and as such it has never been a topic of research in nanotoxicology. The content of NPs in tattoo inks is unknown. OBJECTIVES To classify the particle sizes in tattoo inks in general usage. METHODS The particle size was measured by lase...

BACKGROUND European Council resolutions on tattoo ink introduce sterility and preservation of inks to protect customers. Inks used in Denmark are typically purchased over the internet from international suppliers and manufacturers from the US and the UK. In Denmark tattoo inks are regulated and labelled according to REACH as if they were plain chemicals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study ...

The PCN working group of the IETF discusses the use of pre-congestion notification (PCN) to implement flow admission control. Packet meters and markers are used on all network links and packet markings are recorded as congestion level estimates (CLEs) the egress nodes. The working group currently discusses the pros and cons of possible marking algorithms that play a major role in this new archi...

Published correctness proofs of garbage collectors in separation logic to date depend on extensive manual, interactive formula manipulations. This paper shows that the approach of symbolic execution in separation logic, as first developed by Smallfoot, also encompasses reasoning about object graphs given by the reachability of objects. This approach yields semi-automatic proofs of two central g...

One popular paradigm for such tasks is shallow semantic parsing—marking relations and their arguments in text. Efforts to date have focused on individual assertions expressed by individual words. While fruitful, this approach falters on semantic relationships that can be expressed by more complex linguistic patterns than words. It also struggles when multiple meanings are entangled in the same ...

Many ubiquitous computing applications rely upon location information describing the positions of people and devices. To date, location systems for ubiquitous computing have commonly supplied position data which has a single system-wide reference [1]. Examples include 3D coordinates inside a building, or public areas on a campus. In order to provide statically-referenced data, such systems nece...

Assessment is an essential part of the learning process. It is important for educators to provide detailed and reliable evaluations to students so that they can be better prepared for future studies and the workplace. Marking and providing formative feedback can be time-consuming and prone to errors especially when detailed analyses of students’ problem-solving steps are considered. A computer-...