We have previously described how to model shape variability by means of point distribution models (TDMs,) in which there is a linear relationship between a set of shape parameters and the positions of points on the shape. This linear formulation can fail for shapes which articulate or bend.' we show examples of such failure for both real and synthetic classes of shape. A new, more general formu...

Abstract. This paper deals with new descriptive statistics for histogram data, in the framework of symbolic data analysis. A main contribution consists in defining the main order statistics (median and quartiles) of a histogram variable using the quantile functions associated with the corresponding empirical distribution functions of the observed histograms. The definition of an order relations...

In this study, we compared age-related lip movement variability with acoustic variability across repetitions using Functional Data Analysis (FDA). Lip movement and acoustic data of 1520 repetitions of a short Swedish phrase from 50 Swedish speakers were collected. Results showed weak to moderate negative correlations for age and variability in lip movements, phrase duration and sound pressure l...

Active engagement in the subject material has been strongly linked to deeper learning. In traditional teaching environments, even though the student might be presented with new concepts, it is possible for the student to remain passive to such an extent that it is detrimental to learning. This research explores whether experiencing new concepts in an ITS necessarily equates to learning. Initial...

Phonetic variation in the realization of segments is increasingly recognized to have functional value in signalling matters such as constituency, but patterns of variation of rarer segment types are not as well known as those of common types such as plosives. This paper presents data on variation in production of glottalized sonorants in the Austronesian language Yapese. Initial glottalized son...

objective: castor (ricinuscommunis l.) is an industrial oilseed that belongs to the family euphorbiaceae. castor is believed to be originated in east africa probably ethiopia. although ethiopia is known as a primary diversity for castor the knowledge on nature and extent of variation of the indigenous germplasm is limited. the present test was conducted to study the nature and extent of variabi...