Conserved features of the sequences of dopamine receptors and of homologous G-protein-coupled receptors point to regions, and amino acid residues within these regions, that contribute to their ligand binding sites. Differences in binding specificities among the catecholamine receptors, however, must stem from their nonconserved residues. Using the substituted-cysteine accessibility method, we h...

We find and explore a class of dyonic instanton solutions which can be identified as the supertubes connecting two D4 branes. They correspond to a single monopole string and a pair of monopole-antimonopole strings from the worldvolume view point of D4 branes. 1 Introduction Recently there has been a considerable study of the so called supertube solutions. Originally Mateos and Townsend construc...

In an effort to delineate how specific molecular interactions of dopamine receptor ligand classes vary between D2-like dopamine receptor subtypes, a conserved threonine in transmembrane (TM) helix 7 (Thr7.39), implicated as a key ligand interaction site with biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors, was substituted with alanine in D2 and D4 receptors. Interrogation of different ligand chemoty...

Govindaiah G, Wang T, Gillette MU, Crandall SR, Cox CL. Regulation of inhibitory synapses by presynaptic D4 dopamine receptors in thalamus. J Neurophysiol 104: 2757–2765, 2010. First published September 8, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00361.2010. Dopamine (DA) receptors are the principal targets of drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Among the five DA receptor subtypes, the D4 subtype is of p...

The retention, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [C]octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) were studied in Fischer 344 rats after single and multiple exposures to 7, 70, or 700 ppm [C]D4. Subset groups were established for body burden, distribution, and elimination. Retention of inhaled D4 was relatively low (5–6% of inhaled D4). Radioactivity derived from [ C]D4 inhalation was widely distr...

The retention, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [C]octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) were studied in Fischer 344 rats after single and multiple exposures to 7, 70, or 700 ppm [C]D4. Subset groups were established for body burden, distribution, and elimination. Retention of inhaled D4 was relatively low (5–6% of inhaled D4). Radioactivity derived from [ C]D4 inhalation was widely distr...

We construct black string solutions in type IIA supergravity arising from intersecting D2-D4-D6-NS5 branes the presence of fractional D4-branes. The D4-branes arise D6-branes wrapping (collapsing) two-cycles a Calabi--Yau twofold. In near horizon limit these give rise to ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}$ geometries preserving $\mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ supersymmetry and fall within recent classification [J. High E...

The dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems interact to regulate blood pressure. Disruption of the D4 dopamine receptor gene in mice produces hypertension that is associated with increased renal angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor expression. We hypothesize that the D4 receptor can inhibit AT1 receptor expression and function in renal proximal tubule cells from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, but the...

In vertebrates, three members of the d4 gene family code for proteins, which are believed to function as transcription factors and involved in regulation of various intracellular processes. One member of the family, ubi-d4/requiem is ubiquitously expressed gene and two other, neuro-d4 and cer-d4, are expressed predominantly in the neural tissues (Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (1992) 5579; Biochim. Biop...

The fourth segment of domain 4 (S4/D4) in Na+ channels is a voltage sensor especially implicated in channel inactivation. Although there has been evidence that S4/D4 moves externally during membrane depolarization, whether (and if so, how) the movement leads to conformational changes of the inactivation gate remains unknown. We added a positive charge just external to the outermost charged resi...