The biosynthesis of monolignols can potentially occur via two parallel pathways involving free acids or their coenzyme A (CoA) esters. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCOMT) catalyze functionally identical reactions in these two pathways, resulting in the formation of mono- or dimethoxylated lignin precursors. The activities of the two enzymes i...

conclusions: this study detected multiple drug resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa including resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. therefore, identification of drug resistance patterns in p. aeruginosa and detection of pan-resistant producing isolates are of great importance in prevention and control of infections in burn center ward. background: serious infections by...

the genus ocimum l. belonging to family of lamiaceae is widely distributed in iran, ocimum sanctum l. is described in many medicinal properties and a wide therapeutic range. it is used specially in the management of cough, ashtma, fever and common cold. in this research, samples were collected from shahr-e-rey, on august 2013, then essential oils were extracted by  hydro-distillation and steam ...

Genetic variability related to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene (Val158Met polymorphism) has received increasing attention as a possible modulator of cognitive control functions. Recent evidence suggests that the Val158Met genotype may differentially affect cognitive stability and flexibility, in such a way that Val/Val homozygous individuals (who possess low prefrontal dopamine lev...

It is unclear what neural processes induce individual differences in perceptual organization in different modalities. To examine this issue, the present study used different forms of bistable perception: auditory streaming, verbal transformations, visual plaids, and reversible figures. We performed factor analyses on the number of perceptual switches in the tasks. A 3-factor model provided a be...

linkage studies and epidemiological findings indicate that some possible genes in schizophrenia (scz) and bipolar mood disorder (bpd) are common. numerous evidences for linkage of two diseases on chromosome 22 have been found. these findings suggest that one or more genes in the 22q11.21 region may be involved in the development of both disorders. in the present case-control study, association ...

The introduction of levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD), initially by Birkmayer and colleagues in 1961 and Barbeau and colleagues in 1962, and in its ultimately successful form by Cotzias and colleagues in 1967, still represents the defining landmark in the treatment of PD (1–3). This dramatic advance was preceded by methodical basic laboratory research in the late 1950s and early 196...

Hybrid quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations are widely used in studies of enzymatic catalysis. Until recently, it has been cost prohibitive to determine the asymptotic limit of key energetic and structural properties with respect to increasingly large QM regions. Leveraging recent advances in electronic structure efficiency and accuracy, we investigate catalytic propertie...