composition and structure of a three-storied fagus orientalis-dominated forest was investigated in the caspian forests, north of iran. circular sampling plots of 1000 m2 occupied by advance growth and natural regeneration were randomly chosen where the initial cuttings (with shelterwood aim) were performed. abundance of species at different growth stages and quality of seedlings and saplings we...

This study modelled the potential biodiversity benefits and the opportunity costs of a patch-clear-cutting strategy over a clear-cutting strategy for Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Patch-clear cutting is a special case of clear cutting involving the removal of all the trees from strips or patches within a stand, leaving the remainder uncut or clear cutting a series of strips or patches. A forest...

Trees in three Scots pine stands seriously infected by Heterobasidion annosum were classifi ed according to their crown condition into four classes, from healthy to dead trees. After cutting the stands, the classifi cation was compared with the symptoms of annosum root rot on stump surfaces (pitched area) and with the extension of decay in the roots of excavated stumps. When dead trees were inc...

Pinus-Juniperus L. (Piñon-juniper) woodlands of the western United States have expanded in area nearly 10-fold since the late 1800's. Juniperus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis Hook. (western juniper) dominance in sagebrush steppe has several negative consequences, including reductions in herbaceous production and diversity, decreased wildlife habitat, and higher erosion and runoff potentials. Pr...

BSP trees and KD trees are fundamental data structures for collision detection in walkthrough environments. A basic issue in the construction of these hierarchical data structures is the choice of cutting planes. Rather than base these choices solely on the properties of the scene, we propose using information about how the tree is used in order to determine its structure. We demonstrate how th...

We introduce here a simple approach for rapidly determining restriction maps for a number of regions of a genome; this involves "anchoring" a map with a rare restriction site (in this case the seldom-cutting EagI) followed by partial digestion of a frequent-cutting enzyme (e.g., Sau 3A). We applied this technology to five species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. In a single Southern blot we ob...

This paper presents a decomposition approach for linear multistage stochastic programs, that is based on the concept of recombining scenario trees. The latter, widely applied in Mathematical Finance, may prevent the node number of the scenario tree to grow exponentially with the number of time stages. It is shown how this property may be exploited within a non-Markovian framework and under time...

—The expansion of western juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) in the northern Great Basin has resulted in the wide-scale conversion of sagebrush-steppe communities to juniper woodlands. Prescribed fire and mechanical cutting are the 2 main methods used to remove juniper and restore sagebrush steppe. Mechanical treatments commonly leave cut juniper on site. Disadvantages of...

The \(k\)-cut number of rooted graphs was introduced by Cai et al. as a generalization the classical cutting model Meir and Moon. In this paper, we show that all moments conditioned Galton-Watson trees converge after proper rescaling, which implies convergence in distribution to same limit law regardless offspring trees. This extends result Janson. Using method, also various random or determini...