objective: in this study, we aimed at evaluation of the efficacy of hypericum perforatum and flaxseed on hot flash, vaginal atrophy and estrogen-dependent cancers in menopausal women materials and methods: we searched medline, scopus, and the cochrane central register of controlled trials (rct) to explore trials that assessed the effectiveness of h. perforatum and flaxseed on hot flash, vaginal...

Kindler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by acral blisters in infancy and early childhood, followed by photosensitivity, progressive poikiloderma and cutaneous atrophy. Other features include webbing of the toes and fingers, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, gingival fragility, poor dentition, and mucosal involvement in the form of urethral, anal and oesophageal stenosis...

Discoid lupus erythematosus is the most common form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. It is more common in women than in men, in individuals between 20 and 40 years of age. It is an inflammatory autoimmune disease in which genetically predisposed individuals are stimulated by hormonal and a variety of exogenous factors including UV radiation, stress, infections, and even temperature changes. Le...

Children with kwashiorkor showed a high incidence of deranged cellular immunity as evidenced by impairment of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to candida and diphtheria toxoid antigens and of lymphocyte transformation after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. This may contribute to their susceptibility to infection. A correlation was shown between the degree of impairment of tests of c...

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma This presents as multiple sharply demarcated, indurated, non-tender dermal or subcutaneous nodules and plaques. Periorbital involvement is common. Lesions vary from violaceous to red orange, and enlarge to form infiltrative plaques that may show central atrophy. Though most of the lesions are asymptomatic, some may be pruritic or painful. Ulceration and scarring are ...

In women, aging and declining estrogen levels are associated with several cutaneous changes, many of which can be reversed or improved by estrogen supplementation. Two estrogen receptors-α and β-have been cloned and found in various tissue types. Epidermal thinning, declining dermal collagen content, diminished skin moisture, decreased laxity, and impaired wound healing have been reported in po...

Cutaneous injuries that result in scar formation are relatively common, leading patients to seek treatment for cosmetic or functional improvement. Treatments that have the potential to improve or eliminate scarring include radiation therapy, surgical excision, and intralesional injections of corticosteroids, 5-flourouracil, or bleomycin. Unfortunately, these methods are associated with high rec...

We report two individual cases of cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome with severe neurological impairment consisting of infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia and refractory epilepsy with multifocal epileptic paroxysms such as modified hypsarrhythmia. Both cases shared diffuse brain atrophy and severely delayed myelination on neuroimaging. Genetic analysis revealed individual heterozygous mutat...

Sturge-Weber syndrome, encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a facial cutaneous vascular nevus, seizures, mental retardation, hemiplegia, homonymous hemianopia, and buphthalmos or glaucoma (1). The clinical findings are related to vascular anomalies of the face, ocular choroid, and leptomeninges. The imaging findings in Sturge-Weber syndrome may include...

Erythema ab igne is a localised, cutaneous condition consisting of reticulate hyperpigmentation, epidermal atrophy, and telangiectasias. It is caused by repetitive and prolonged exposure to moderate heat that is insufficient for producing burns. Currently, erythema ab igne is most commonly observed following repeated use of hot water bottles, infrared lamps and heating pads. If not properly tre...