defining the scope of criminal law and legitimated level ofintervention through criminal law over the rights and freedom ofcitizens as the most serious kind of such intervention, is a complicatedand difficult matter. the principle of criminal law as the last and theleast resort as a basic principle of this knowledge, technique andinstrument of social control, as emphasizes upon the destructiver...

amr bayn al-amrayn (principle of middle position) is amongst the fundamentals of the shī‘ī intellectual doctrines. it is attempted in this paper to demonstrate the genuineness and integrity of the theory of amr bayn al amrayn according to the principle of unity of divine acts and autonomous creatorship of god, the original principle of causality as well as the principle of analogical gradation ...

In our previous work we suggested a way for computing the non-life insurance premium. The probable surplus of the insurer company assumed to be distributed according to the canonical ensemble theory. The Esscher premium principle appeared as its special case. The difference between our method and traditional principles for premium calculation was shown by simulation. Here we construct a theoret...

In this paper, we study an optimal insurance problem for a risk-averse individual who seeks to maximize the rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) of her terminal wealth, and is priced via general distortion-deviation premium principle. We prove necessary sufficient conditions satisfied by solution consider three orders between distortion functions buyer seller further determine indemnity. Fina...

In his insightful editorial, Nir Eyal explores the connections between nudging and shaming. One upshot of his argument is that we should question the principle of the least restrictive alternative in public health and health policy. In this commentary, I maintain that Eyal’s argument undermines only a rather implausible version of the principle of the least restrictive alternative and I sketch ...

some western scholars of shiite studies believe thatthe chief principle of justice in twelver shia islam or imamiyyah is rooted in mo’tazalediscourse while this principle has its roots in imam ali’s (as) theoretical and practical instructions. justice in imam ali’s view has an epistemological status which initiates from allah’s justice attribute; then it streams in cosmology; and after all it i...

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