Large volume, low pressure endotracheal tube cuffs are claimed to have less deleterious effect on tracheal mucosa than high pressure, low volume cuffs. Low pressure cuffs, however, may easily be overinflated to yield pressures that will exceed capillary perfusion pressure. Various large volume cuffed endotracheal tubes were studied, including Portex Profile, Searle Sensiv, Mallinkrodt Hi-Lo, an...

The changes in the volume of the cuffs of 200 air-inflated tracheal tubes were studied on exposure to 70% nitrous oxide and 30% oxygen. The length of the cuff, its diameter, wall thickness and residual volume were measured. Increases in the volume of gas occurred in all tubes in a time-dependent manner. The tracheal tubes with low-pressure cuffs were more permeable to nitrous oxide and oxygen t...

In recent years, a number of authors have started studying Aristotelian diagrams containing metalogical notions, such as tautology, contradiction, satisfiability, contingency, strong and weak interpretations of (sub)contrariety, etc. The present paper is a contribution to this line of research, and its main aims are both to extend and to deepen our understanding of metalogical diagrams. As for ...

Higher levels of tourniquet pressure and higher pressure gradients beneath tourniquet cuffs are associated with a higher risk of nerve-related injury. Measurement of limb occlusion pressure can help to minimize tourniquet pressure levels and pressure gradients for individual patients and individual surgical procedures. Selective use of pneumatic, wider, and contoured tourniquet cuffs reduces to...

Properties of prey sensory systems are important factors shaping the design of signals generated by organisms exploiting them. In this study we assessed how prey sensory preference affected the exploiter signal design by investigating the evolutionary relationship and relative attractiveness of linear and cruciate form web decorations built by Argiope spiders. Because insects have an innate pre...

Thigh cuffs, presently named "bracelets," consist of two straps fixed to the upper part of each thigh, applying a pressure of 30 mmHg. The objective was to evaluate the cardiac, arterial, and venous changes in a group of subjects in head-down tilt (HDT) for 7 days by using thigh cuffs during the daytime, and in a control group not using cuffs. The cardiovascular parameters were measured by echo...

The objective of this report is to prove that even after development of ischemic necrosis of the muscles and nerves, we can still save the extremity or the knee and even several days after arterial injury, perform arterial repair and other mentioned procedures. Thus we can retain a functionally satisfactory leg or knee joint, which is far better than classic above-knee amputation and utili...