PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses current evidence on patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure compared with medical therapy alone in the prevention of stroke recurrence in patients with a PFO-associated cryptogenic stroke. RECENT FINDINGS The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism group built a 10-point Score, based on clinical parameters, that estimates the probability of finding a PFO in a patient w...

BACKGROUND Cardio-embolic etiology is the most frequently predicted cause of cryptogenic stroke/TIA. Detection of occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is crucial for selection of appropriate medication. METHODS Enrolment of eligible cryptogenic stroke and TIA patients began in 2014 and will continue until 2018. The patients undergo long-term (12 months) ECG monitoring (implantable loop recor...

Diagnosis, treatment, and secondary management of cryptogenic stroke patients pose a formidable challenge. The scenario is further complicated in patients with native and prosthetic valvular heart disease. We present a case study of a 36-year-old man who received intravenous thrombolysis (IV-tPA) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for presumed "cryptogenic" complete middle cerebral artery infa...

Despite many advances in our understanding of ischemic stroke, cryptogenic strokes (those that do not have a determined etiology) remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Previous classification approaches to cryptogenic stroke have led to inconsistent definitions, and evidence to determine optimal treatment is scarce. These limitations have prompted international efforts to redefine cryp...

background chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection has a broad spectrum of manifestation, ranging from silent carrier state to advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. the persistence of hbv dna in serum and hepatocytes of the cirrhotic patient could be detected by molecular techniques in spite of negative hbv serologic markers. conclusions the prevalence of obi was relatively high in...

An autoantibody known as anti-Jo-1 antibody is found in 25% of patients with myositis. Its prevalence in patients with both myositis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis was 68% (13 out of 19 patients), compared with 7.5% in patients with myositis alone (four of 53) and 3% in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis alone (two of 62). Anti-Jo-1 antibody may be useful in indicating patient...

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is defined as the infarction of the brain that is not attributable to a source of definite cradioembolic (CE), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), or small artery disease (SAD) despite extensive vascular, cardiac and serologic evaluation. The term Cryptogenic stroke (CS) was first used in the National Institute of Neurologic Disease and Stroke (NINDS) Data bank1. The TOA...