Prevalence of healthcare associated infections remains high in patients in intensive care units (ICU), estimated at 23.4% in 2011. It is important to reduce the overall risk while minimizing the cost and disruption to service provision by targeted infection control interventions. The aim of this study was to develop a monitoring tool to analyze the spatial variability of bacteriological contami...

In recent years, quality assurance (QA) and good manufacturing practice (GMP) have become increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry. They are of particular importance in the manufacture of veterinary vaccines since such products have the following specific characteristics: The active ingredients are almost always produced by the manufacturer (and not as is generally the case by anot...

In vitro culture of pathogens has been used for over a century to identify the causative organisms responsible for a variety of diseases (Koch 1881; Bass & Johns 1912; Dobell & Laidlaw 1926; Diamond 1960; Kocan 1969). For in vitro culture to correctly identify pathogenic organisms and/or determine infection prevalence, the parasite should be isolated in pure culture with a high degree of certai...

aberrations, the presence of a unique cell clone, and the microsatellite pattern on chromosome 20 allowed us to conclude that SAM-1 is a derivative of K-562. Drexler and colleagues8 have estimated that 18% of human tumor cell lines have intraspecies cross contamination, and several cases of cross contamination with the K562 cell line have been reported.1,8,9 With this report we wish to further ...

Food safety education is most effective when messages are targeted toward changing behaviors most likely to result in foodborne illness. The five major control factors for pathogens are personal hygiene, adequate cooking, avoiding cross-contamination, keeping food at safe temperatures, and avoiding foods from unsafe sources. Pathogens associated with poor personal hygiene have the highest incid...

Background: Cross infection is a type of which can spread between three stack holders the community i.e. Doctors, paramedical staff and patient. The infectious diseases from doctors to patients, or patients healthcare workers2.These during medical, surgical dental treatment. Dental treatment considered as most notorious one cross workers community. Aim: To assess & check awareness/ knowledg...

Fire debris evidence is collected and stored in a wide range of containers, including various polymer bags. Four different polymer bags have been investigated, including the NYLON, DUO, ALU, and AMPAC bags. The latter is the successor of the Kapak Fire DebrisPAK™. Microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to elucidate the composition of the bags. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was us...

Understanding the geographic and temporal spread of food-borne diseases associated with fresh produce is crucial for informing adequate surveillance and control. As a first step towards this goal, we develop and analyze a novel three stage model at the processing/sanitization juncture in the fresh produce supply chain. The key feature of our model is its ability to describe the dynamics of cros...

A new requirement from The Joint Commission (JC) is that flexible and rigid endoscopes must be included in a clinical engineering (CE) department’s medical equipment inventory. The primary justification for this, according to George Mills, senior engineer at the JC, is that endoscopes are considered to be diagnostic equipment. CE departments do not have to maintain or service endoscopes, howeve...