Safety zones are areas where firefighters can retreat to in order to avoid bodily harm when threatened by burnover or entrapment from wildland fire. At present, safety zones are primarily designated by firefighting personnel as part of daily fire management activities. Though critical to safety zone assessment, the effectiveness of this approach is inherently limited by the individual firefight...

In order to simulate the mechanical behavior of large structures assembled from thin composite panels, we propose a coupling technique which substitutes local 3D models for the global plate model in the critical zones where plate modeling is inadequate. The transition from 3D to 2D is based on stress and displacement distributions associated with Saint-Venant problems which are precalculated au...

[1] Laboratory and numerical experiments show that when a chemically different layer overlies a hotter but otherwise denser layer, analogous to continental mantle lithosphere over asthenosphere, convective stability depends strongly on both the critical Rayleigh number and the buoyancy number, B, of the lithosphere-like layer. Sufficient cooling at low buoyancy number results in an oscillatory ...

Environmental acoustic exposure to a complex tone sequence within the critical period in infant rats resulted in the emergence of large-scale, selective changes that radically altered primary auditory cortex (A1) organization. In the sound exposure-revised A1, responses were segregated into two explicit zones representing spectrally and temporally separated lower and higher frequency tone seque...

We develop a theory for a transition economy under which an unbalanced development strategy that favors special economic zones emerges as a response to two critical problems: (1) political pressure to satisfy certain social expenditure requirements, and (2) the lack of institutions to constrain the state from expropriation. By promoting the concentration of resources in some areas, a low equili...

Stunned myocardium produced by 1 hour of critical coronary artery stenosis was evaluated for alteration in regional mechanical function and overall oxidative and fatty acid metabolism by positron emission tomography (PET) in chronically instrumented dogs. Twenty-seven dogs, chronically instrumented for measurements of left ventricular pressure and regional myocardial wall thickening in normal a...

An approach hybrid optical-computational criterion to generate an adaptive refinement mesh to be used in mechanical structure analysis with Finite Element Method (FEM) is proposed. The numerical error to determine the refinement zones in adaptive meshing is substituted for an experimental weight function. Experimental optical phase map is used to define this weight function. This criterion perm...

Natural plant hybrid zones have been described as 'sinks' and 'centers of biodiversity' for herbivores and fungal pathogens. Jasmonic acid is known to be a critical signaling molecule for defense against these enemies. Does inhibition of jasmonic acid perhaps contribute to the susceptibility of hybrid plants to attack by herbivores? Here, we discuss recent evidence that plant immune system inco...

Genes that encode for enzymes that can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are critical for the ability of microorganisms to bioremediate soils contaminated with PHs. Distributions of two petroleum-degrading genes AlkB and Nah in soils collected from three zones of the Dagang Oilfield, Tianjin, China were investigated. Numbers of copies of AlkB ranged between 9.1 × 10(5) and 1.9 × 10(7) copies...

Landslides in tropical and sub-tropical regions are generally associated with weathered rock profiles which often possess chemical and mineralogical heterogeneities at materialand mineral-scales. Such heterogeneities reach a climax by the occurrences of oxyhydroxideand clayrich zones. Weakness and low permeability of these zones makes them ideal for the development of slip zones along which lan...