SIGNIFICANCE Forces are important in the cardiovascular system, acting as regulators of vascular physiology and pathology. Residing at the blood vessel interface, cells (endothelial cell, EC) are constantly exposed to vascular forces, including shear stress. Shear stress is the frictional force exerted by blood flow, and its patterns differ based on vessel geometry and type. These patterns rang...

[1] Conditions for shear and compaction localization are examined for stress states on an elliptic yield cap in the space of Mises equivalent shear stress t and mean normal compressive stress s. Localization is predicted to occur when the slope of the hydrostatic stress versus inelastic volume strain curve falls to a critical value kcrit. When applied to the standard triaxial test, the analysis...

The p38/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase 2)/heat shock protein (HSP)25/27 pathway is thought to play a critical role in actin dynamics. In the present study, we examined whether p38 was involved in the morphological changes seen in endothelial cells (EC) exposed to shear stress. Cultured bovine aortic EC were subjected to 14 dyn/cm(2) laminar stea...

We propose a scaling ansatz for the elastic energy of a system near the critical jamming transition in terms of three relevant fields: the compressive strain ∆φ relative to the critical jammed state, the shear strain , and the inverse system size 1/N . We also use ∆Z, the number of contacts relative to the minimum required at jamming, as an underlying control parameter. Our scaling theory predi...

An analytical model of the fluid/cell mechanical interaction was developed. The interfacial shear stress, due to the coupling between the fluid and the cell deformation, was characterized by a new dimensionless number N(fs). For N(fs) above a critical value, the fluid/cell interaction had a damping effect on the interfacial shear stress. Conversely, for N(fs) below this critical value, interfac...

BACKGROUND Wall shear stress is thought to play a critical role in the local development of atherosclerotic plaque and to affect plaque vulnerability. However, current models and hypotheses do not fully explain the link between wall shear stress and local plaque development. We aimed to investigate the relation between wall shear stress and local plaque development in surgically induced common ...

This study identifies and assesses the controls on hydraulic erosion of cohesive riverbanks on a 600-m reach of an urban ephemeral stream with active bank erosion. We examined hydraulic bank erosion by separating estimated bank shear stress into four properties: magnitude, duration, event peak, and variability. The values of these independent variables were used as a bank erosion context at thr...

We investigate the roughening of shear cracks running along the interface between a thin film and a rigid substrate. We demonstrate that short-range correlated fluctuations of the interface strength lead to self-affine roughening of the crack front as the driving force (the applied shear stress/stress intensity factor) increases towards a critical value. We investigate the disorder-induced pert...

– We present a simple phenomenological model to describe shear-thickening in a wormlike micelle solution. The solution is assumed to undergo a reaction above a critical shear stress, to form a gel-like phase. There is no flow within this “gel” phase, and it is insoluble in the solution. The amount of gel in the system is determined by a competition between a stress-dependent reaction rate, whic...