Changes to land use and disturbance frequency threaten disturbance-dependent Lepidoptera within sandplain habitats of the northeastern United States. The frosted elfin (Callophrys irus) is a rare and declining monophagous butterfly that is found in xeric open habitats maintained by disturbance. We surveyed potential habitat for adult frosted elfins at four sites containing frosted elfin populat...

Accurate estimation of responses of understory plants to disturbance is essential for understanding the efficacy of management activities. However, the ability to assess changes in the abundance of plants may be hampered by inappropriate sampling methodologies. Conventional methods for sampling understory plants may be precise for common species but may fail to adequately characterize abundance...

Seven citrus orchards on reduced to no pesticide spray programs were sampled for Thysanoptera in central and south central Florida. Inner and outer canopy leaves, fruits, twigs, trunk scrapings, vines and ground cover plants were sampled monthly between January 1995 and January 1996. Thirty-six species of thrips were identified from 2,979 specimens collected from within citrus tree canopies and...

abstract a sub-sample of lentil (lens culinaris medik. cv. kimia) seeds was kept as bulk (s1) and another sample was separated to large (s2) and small (s3) seeds. a sub-sample of each size was kept as control or high vigor seed lot (a1) and the two other sub-samples were artificially aged for 2 and 4 days (a2 and a3, respectively). field performance and some physiological traits of plants from ...

Consumer-plant interactions can alter the outcome of biological invasions when native and exotic plants differ systematically in their resistance to and/or tolerance of consumer impacts. Given evidence for indirect interactions and shifts in plant communities from the few existing long-term studies, it is clear that long-term studies are a critical component for understanding the role of consum...

Peucetia viridans (Hentz) lives almost exclusively on Croton ciliatoglandulifer (Ortega) in the dry forests of western Mexico. This spider is usually found on pubescent shrubs. Within their host plants, P. viridans has been associated with plant height and cover, as well as with number of flowers or inflorescences in anthesis. Flowers can be used as cues of good habitat conditions or because th...

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), a biennial species, is considered to be among the most troublesome of the invasive plants in the Eastern Deciduous forest of North America. It has been shown to prevent or reduce mycorrhizal colonization of native herbaceous ground layer plants and trees in these forests. It is estimated that 70-90% or more of herbaceous native ground layer plant species for...

green vine of the parasitic dodder plant (Cuscuta) latching onto a host plant. Christian Hettenhausen et al. found that Cuscuta bridges between host plants facilitate the transfer of herbivoryinduced signals from attacked to unattacked host plants. The authors report that the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway is required to generate such interplant signaling, which elevates defensive metabolit...

Abstract Soil, is a reclamable and sustainable source. it is the basis of survival and it’s implication, should be performed on the basis of productivity identification according to scientific and technical rules, we can protect this valuable source, and increase it’s productivity and usage. Nowdays, saline soils cover nearly 14.6% of the country area. Study areas (Kashan’ playa) have saline ...

carbon is the most important greenhouse element which sequestrates by photosynthesis procedure and is the easiest and cheapest way of decreasing atmospheric gas level. the vegetation cover that has woody texture is more capable for carbon sequestration. the most plant species of arid rangelands are the shrub growth forms. the purpose of this research was to assess carbon sequestration potential...