acknowledgements i wish to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this thesis. i would like to express my deep gratitude to my respected advisor dr. kourosh akef, whose advice and comments helped me in the early stages of the research and throughout the writing process. i would also like to express my gratitude to dr. hajar khanmohammad whose invaluable guidance he...

The first verse of Ma`arij is one of the verses dealing with Imam Ali`s appointment to imamate on the day of ghadire khom. Commentators have spoken on the background of the verse differently. Some clearly and some other with a hint have known the background of the verse to be the event of Ghadir. Again some other have considered it dealing with one of the Prophet`s companions requesting punishm...

When studying Imam Ali’s role in spreading science and prophetic tradition, one faces the questions: how has scientific growth been carried out in Islamic countries during the first century and how have religious sciences been transferred to these countries and cities? Who have been those effective in this process and what has been Ali`s part in it and how has it been played? As has been truly ...

Although some think that “bigotry” is a moral vice, it is mentioned with two positive and negative functions in religious teachings; and to-the-point bigotry is praised and regarded as a moral virtue. Due to the importance of moral attributes and explaining their functions, an attempt has been made in this study to identify and explain the nature of the attribute “bigotry” and its types by refe...

Imam Ali (a) in his speeches and letters of which some can be seen in Naj-Albalaghe, describing mutual rights and duties of governors and citizens, has always emphasized them. He knows government as an opportunity for approximating God. Imam, therefore, addresses his officials to perform political, social, economical and cultural rights of citizens and asks citizen to be loyal to their allegian...

abstract: sayyed mohammad tabatabaee is accounted as one of the effective persons in iran contemporaneoushistory and his role in the events of iran constitution revolution is inevitable. sayyed mohammad tabatabaee from the time of naser al din shah qajar and arrival to iran, informed of the advantages and the basis of constitution, was in the thought of making the iran rule as a constituti...

Al -e- Muhtaj were one of the local rulers of Chaghanian region in upper part of the Oxus (Amu Darya) that had autonomy concurrent with period of Amir Ismaʽil Samani (279-295 AH) in their dominated area, i.e. parts of  Khorasan and Rey. This local dynasty as puppet of Samanids, had effective role in political and military power of that state. Honesty and courage of emirs of this clan, including...