We propose a new framework for calibrating parameters of energy functionals, as used in image analysis. The method learns parameters from a family of correct examples, and given a probabilistic construct for generating wrong examples from correct ones. We introduce a measure of frustration to penalize cases in which wrong responses are preferred to correct ones, and we design a stochastic gradi...

E-mail spam is no more garbage but risk since it recently includes virus attachments and spyware agents which make the recipients’ system ruined, therefore, there is an emerging need for spam detection. Many spam detection techniques based on machine learning techniques have been proposed. As the amount of spam has been increased tremendously using bulk mailing tools, spam detection techniques ...

BACKGROUND The assessment of the cost of production and the relative weight of the different production parameters is very important in pig farming. The goals of the present work were 1) to describe reliable reference values for production parameters and pig production cost from 2010 to 2014, 2) to describe their temporal evolution and 3) to determine the influence of the pig company size on th...

This paper examines airline competition through an empirical specification of a demand and pricing equation system. The system is estimated for the Spanish airline market using a simultaneous procedure. The suitability of the Cournot assumption is tested in a competitive scenario characterized by an asymmetric oligopoly with capacity constraints. In addition, the degree of density economies is ...

The European Regulator Group (ERG) defines Bitstream Access Service as a wholesale service offered by a broadband network operator with significant market power to an Internet Service Provider, and identifies it as a market subject to regulation. This paper develops a cost model for the Bitstream Access Service under xDSL technology, following the recommendations of the ERG, considering differe...

The concept of “contract” has similar but not identical interpretations for lawyers and economists. Both Economic and Legal theories distinguish transactions from contracts based on the possibility to rely on court enforcement. Formal and informal promises are enforceable by courts, however there is not a clear distinction between a contract and an agreement since agents do not know a priori th...

Wood is a natural material that due to its properties has been used for years in many applications such as construction and furniture industries. Being a natural material it is prone to defects which must be detected, preferably during the early stage of product production. Testing of wood pieces, to detect defects or to determine some of its properties, can be made using two types of technique...

this paper studies the effects of the structural variables of the iranian industries sector on the welfare cost using to the structure-conduct-performance (scp) theory. in other words, we investigate the role of structural components and their effects on the size of the welfare cost in iran's industry sector. we have used the leibenstein's model to calculate the deadweight loss and then the pan...

performance optimization of a single-effect lithium bromide water absorption refrigerationsystem is the subject of this paper. first, the thermodynamic model of the system wasderived based on thefirst and second law analysis of an absorption refrigeration cycle with libr-water as the working fluid pair.then, the effects of different design parameters such as the generator inlet hot water temper...