An important and frequently used tool in archaeological spatial analysis is least-cost path (LCP) to compute routes connecting a set of targets. The outcome depends on the cost model chosen topographic data used. A slope-dependent requires digital elevation (DEM) that should reflect landscape past. It often impossible reconstruct past terrain, modern high-resolution results problematic storage ...

One of the most important processes in the early stages of construction projects is to estimate the cost involved. This process involves a wide range of uncertainties, which make it a challenging task. Because of unknown issues, using the experience of the experts or looking for similar cases are the conventional methods to deal with cost estimation. The current study presents data-driven metho...

the main purpose of this paper is to evaluating the effects of some methodological problems and issues on the estimates of return rate of education to achieve accurate and reliable figures. after intensively and critically reviewing the empirical studies, opportunity cost, selectivity and endogeneity and the hierarchical structure of data have been recognized as critical problems and issues dom...