poor skin penetration. To improve the cutaneous absorption of drugs, various methods have been developed such as chemical penetration enhancers, novel vehicle systems and physical enhancement techniques including iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and electroporation. Supersaturated formulations are one of the vehicle systems, and its potential benefit has been examined by many investigators. Supersa...

Thermo-responsive (TR) gels of the LCST (lower critical solution temperature) type swell in water at temperatures below their volume phase transition temperature Tc and collapse above temperature. When is partially replaced with an organic liquid, these materials demonstrate three different types equilibrium solvent uptake diagrams below, above, close vicinity Tc. A model developed for swelling...

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science EFFECT OF ALCOHOL COSOLVENTS ON THE AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF TOXAPHENE By Padma Paan August 2005 Chair: Clayton J. Clark II Major Department: Civil and Coastal Engineering Remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds is a sig...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of these studies was to understand the influence of cosolvent and surfactant contributions to particle size distributions emitted from solution metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) based on the propellant HFA 227. METHODS Two sets of formulations were prepared: (a) pMDIs-HFA 227 containing cosolvent (5-15% w/w ethanol) with constant surfactant (pluronic) concentration and (b) ...

A study was undertaken of the solvolysis of pivaloyl triflate in a variety of ionic liquid:alcohol solvent mixtures. The solvolysis is a kΔ process (i.e., a process in which ionization occurs with rearrangement), and the resulting rearranged carbocation intermediate reacts with the alcohol cosolvent via two competing pathways: nucleophilic attack or elimination of a proton. Five different ionic...

INTRODUCTION SNX-2112 is a promising anticancer agent but has poor solubility in both water and oil. In the study reported here, we aimed to develop a nanocrystal formulation for SNX-2112 and to determine the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the prepared nanocrystals. METHODS Nanocrystals of SNX-2112 were prepared using the wet-media milling technique and characterized by particle size, different...

Supercritical fluids have found applications in a wide variety of fields, from solvents for reaction media to engineering of nanoparticles. They are also of interest in the analytical field for transferring non-volatile organic molecules into the gas phase for detection and deposition purposes. This work highlights the use of supercritical fluids as an analytical tool for the transfer of a grou...

The current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry regarding environmental impact caused by its waste have led to design and development more efficient industrial processes. In this context, solubility studies are at core different processes, such as formulation, preformulation, synthesis, purification, recrystallization, quantification, quality control. This research evaluates sulfamerazine...