Sensory control of sporulation in Physarum polycephalum plasmodia is mediated by a branched signal-transduction pathway that integrates blue light, far-red light, heat shock and the starvation state. Mutants defective in the pathway were isolated and three phenotypes obtained: blue-blind, general-blind and light-independent sporulating. When plasmodia of the blue-blind mutant Blu1 were exposed ...

Many inequality relations between real vector quantities can be succinctly expressed as “weak (sub)majorization” relations using the symbol ≺w. We explain these ideas and apply them in several areas, angles between subspaces, Ritz values, and graph Laplacian spectra, which we show are all surprisingly related. Let Θ(X ,Y) be the vector of principal angles in nondecreasing order between subspace...

The authors discussed about the problem of special form in astigmatism classification. This special type of astigmatism is the form of obliquely crossed astigmatism. In which the meridians, major and minor, are not right angles. In this astigmatism is not possible to prescribing for cylindrical (toric) spectacle lens. Authors describe the Thompson formula for oblique crossed cylinder and observ...

Let E be the ellipse with major and minor radii a and b respectively, and Pbe its perimeter, then P = lim 4 tan(p/n)(a + b + 2) Σ a2 cos2 (2k-2)Pi/n+ sin2 (2k-2)Pi/n; where n = 2m. So without considering the limit, it gives a reasonable approxi-mation for P, it means that we can choose n large enough such that the amountof error be less than any given small number. On the other hand, the form...