UNLABELLED The hippocampus is one of the best-known neural structures in the brain and has been of interest in observing the substructures and their metabolic functions. However, it has been difficult to distinguish its substructures and functions in vivo because of its small size. METHODS (18)F-FDG PET and high-resolution MRI of the hippocampus were performed on 5 healthy subjects using a PE...

Rats received excitotoxic lesions of different subsystems within the hippocampal system--either the hippocampus proper (cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus; hippocampal lesions) or the entorhinal cortex-subicular region (entorhinal lesions). Subsequently, their activity in an operant chamber was monitored both before and after footshock had been delivered (Experiment 1). Rats with hippocampal lesio...

The hippocampal formation consists of the dentate gyrus, the Cornu Ammonis (CA) subregions (also called hippocampus proper or Ammon's horn), the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex. There are four histological subdivisions in the CA, namely: CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4. Subarea CA3 has drawn attention for its major role in encoding spatial representations and episodic memories [1, 2]. Due to the pre...

The purpose of this study was to systematically demonstrate and compare the pathological and immunohistochemical changes in goats which were infected by a fixed rabies virus that was used in vaccine production. In the histopathological examinations, varying degrees of inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic changes were detected in the central nervous system. In the preparations stained by the ...

This commentary reviews the role of the Alzheimer amyloid peptide Aβ on basal synaptic transmission, synaptic short-term plasticity, as well as short- and long-term potentiation in transgenic mice, with a special focus on N-terminal truncated Aβ4-42. Aβ4-42 is highly abundant in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. It demonstrates increased neurotoxicity compared to full length Aβ, s...

Background: The hippocampal formation (HF+) is part of a system that plays a critical role in the encoding and retrieval of memory [1]. It has repeatedly been shown that consolidation of declarative memories occurs in human NREM sleep, supposedly involving transfer of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex [2,3]. The four major subregions of the HF+ are the cornu ammonis (CA), the de...

Autobiographical memories in our lives are critically dependent on temporal lobe structures. However, the contribution of CA1 neurons in the human hippocampus to the retrieval of episodic autobiographical memory remains elusive. In patients with a rare acute transient global amnesia, highly focal lesions confined to the CA1 field of the hippocampus can be detected on MRI. We studied the effect ...

The hippocampus, as part of the cerebral cortex, is essential for memory formation and spatial navigation. Although it has been extensively studied, especially as a model system for neurophysiology, the cellular processes involved in constructing and organizing the hippocampus remain largely unclear. Here, we show that clonally related excitatory neurons in the developing hippocampus are progre...

OBJECTIVE(S) The hippocampus has been implicated in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Prenatal stress is a contributing risk factor for a wide variety of neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. This study examined long-term effects of prenatal restraint stress on the stereological parameters in the Cornu Ammonis (CA) of adult male rats as an animal model of schizophrenia. MATERIALS...