Cramer’s transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics is reviewed, and a number of issues related to advanced interactions and state vector collapse are analysed. Where some have suggested that Cramer’s predictions may not be correct or definite, I argue that they are, but I point out that the classical-quantum distinction problem in the Copenhagen interpretation has its parallel in the tr...

The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TI) is summarized and various points concerning the TI and its relation to the Copenhagen interpretation (CI) are considered. Questions concerning mapping the TI onto the CI, of advanced waves as solutions to proper wave equations, of collapse and the QM formalism, and of the relation of quantum mechanical interpretations to experimental te...

The present form of quantum mechanics is based on the Copenhagen school of interpretation. Einstein did not belong to the Copenhagen school, because he did not believe in probabilistic interpretation of fundamental physical laws. This is the reason why we are still debating whether there is a more deterministic theory. One cause of this separation between Einstein and the Copenhagen school coul...

Bell’s inequality itself is usually considered to belong to mathematics and not quantum mechanics. We think that this is making our understanding of Bell’ theory be confused. Thus in this paper, contrary to Bell’s spirit (which inherits Einstein’s spirit), we try to discuss Bell’s inequality in the framework of quantum theory with the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. And we clarify that th...

This article explores two assumptions about constitutional law and the form of practical reasoning inherent in constitutional argument and decision that have shaped the debate over originalism. The first assumption—adopted by originalists—is that constitutional reasoning is a formalistic process. Originalism’s critics tacitly describe a very different and less formalistic model. The second assu...

An exact complex mapping is used to show the close relationship between the Schroedinger equation for a charged particle in an external ̄eld, the Landau-Ginsburg equation for the order parameter in a superconductor, and the equation for the evolution of vorticity in a Navier-Stokes compressible, viscous, °uid. The absolute square of the wave function, or complex order paramter, is exactly equal...